REDUCED ALIEN CROSSTALK ELECTRICAL CABLE WITH FILLER
ELEMENT
Related Applications [0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/087,571, filed on March 24, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
Patent Application Serial No. 11/012,167 to Roger Lique et al., filed on December 16, 2004, the subject matter of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to an electrical cable that reduces alien crosstalk between cables. More specifically, a filler element disposed in the electrical cable reduces alien crosstalk between adjacent cables. Separators provided in each cable reduce crosstalk between the conductors of the cable.
Back2round of the Invention [0003] Interference between electrical cables bundled together in a cabling system decreases the efficiency of data transmission by the cabling system. Alien near-end crosstalk (ANEXT) and alien far-end crosstalk (AFEXT) noise is caused by the electrical unbalance between the twisted pairs of insulated conductors of adjacent cables. ANEXT
and AFEXT
are transmission noises that can increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) in a cable transmission system, such as for a local area network.
[0004] Specifically, ANEXT and AFEXT occur when some of the signal current in a twisted pair of one cable couples with another twisted pair of another cable external to the signal path and along the path of a circuit between the two pairs. That noise corrupts the signal in the twisted pair external to the original signal path. When the circuit between the noise emitting and receiving twisted pairs egresses one cable boundary and crosses another cable boundary, the noise becomes alien crosstalk. Crosstalk also occurs between the twisted pairs of insulated conductors of the cables themselves.
Summary of the Invention [0005] According to the present invention, there is provided an electrical cable that includes a cable jacket defining a central longitudinal axis and a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors oriented longitudinally within the cable jacket. Each of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors has a width. A filler element is disposed in the cable jacket and is located adjacent to at least one of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors.
The filler element defines a width that is substantially larger than the width of each the twisted pairs of insulated conductors. The filler element has a central axis laterally offset from the central longitudinal axis of the cable jacket. The filler element reduces alien crosstalk from an adjacent cable. A separator is disposed in said cable jacket between the twisted pairs of insulated conductors to reduce crosstalk between the twisted pairs of insulated conductors.
[0006] The present invention also provides an electrical cable that includes a cable jacket that defines a central longitudinal axis and a substantially non-circular outer perimeter.
First, second, third and fourth twisted pairs of insulated conductors are oriented longitudinally within the cable jacket. Each of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors has a width. A filler element is disposed in the cable jacket and located adjacent to at least one of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors. The filler element has a central axis laterally offset from the central longitudinal axis of the cable jacket. The filler element is substantially circular in section transverse to the central axis and defines a diameter that is substantially larger than the width of each the twisted pairs of insulated conductors. The filler element reduces alien crosstalk from an adjacent cable. A separator is disposed in the cable jacket between the first and second twisted pairs of insulated conductors to reduce crosstalk between the twisted pairs of insulated conductors.
[0007] The present invention also provides an electrical cable that includes a cable jacket defining a longitudinal axis and a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors oriented longitudinally within the cable jacket. The plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors are twisted to form a helix core defining a first lay length. A
filler element is disposed in the cable jacket and twisted around the helix core. The filler element defines a second lay length that is larger than the first lay length of the helix core.
[0008] According to the present invention, there is provided an electrical cable that includes a cable jacket defining a central longitudinal axis and a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors oriented longitudinally within the cable jacket. Each of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors has a width. A filler element is disposed in the cable j acket and is located adjacent to at least one of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors.
The filler element defines a width that is substantially larger than the width of each the twisted pairs of insulated conductors. The filler eleinent has a central axis laterally offset from the central longitudinal axis of the cable jacket. The filler element reduces alien crosstalk from an adjacent cable. A separator is disposed in said cable jacket between the twisted pairs of insulated conductors to reduce crosstalk between the twisted pairs of insulated conductors.
[0009] The present invention also provides an electrical cable that includes a cable jacket that defmes a central longitudinal axis and a substantially non-circular outer perimeter.
First, second, third and fourth twisted pairs of insulated conductors are oriented longitudinally within the cable jacket. Each of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors has a width. A filler element is disposed in the cable jacket and located adjacent to at least one of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors. The filler element has a central axis laterally offset from the central longitudinal axis of the cable jacket. The filler element is substantially circular in section transverse to the central axis and defines a diameter that is substantially larger than the width of each the twisted pairs of insulated conductors. The filler element reduces alien crosstalk from an adjacent cable. A separator is disposed in the cable jacket between the first and second twisted pairs of insulated conductors to reduce crosstalk between the twisted pairs of insulated conductors.
[0010] The present invention also provides an electrical cable that includes a cable jacket defining a longitudinal axis and a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors oriented longitudinally within the cable jacket. The plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors are twisted to form a helix core defining a first lay length.. A
filler element is disposed in the cable jacket and twisted around the helix core. The filler element defines a second lay length that is larger than the first lay length of the helix core.
[0011] Advantages and salient features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Brief Description of the Drawin2s [0012] A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0013] Fig. 1 is a drawing of a perspective view of an electrical cable according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
[0014] Fig. 2 is a drawing of an elevational view in section of the electrical cable illustrated in Fig. 1, showing a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors and a filler element enclosed by a cable jacket;
[0015] Fig. 3 is a drawing of an elevational view in section of an electrical cable according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
[0016] Fig. 4 is a drawing of an elevational view in section of an electrical cable according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
[0017] Fig. 5 is a drawing of an elevational view in section of the electrical cable similar to Fig. 2, except a plurality of separators are included to separate the twisted pairs of insulated conductors;
[0018] Fig. 6 is a drawing of an elevational view in section of the electrical cable similar to Fig. 3, except a plurality of separators are included to separate the twisted pairs of insulated conductors;
[0019] Fig. 7A is a drawing of a perspective view of the electrical cable in accordance with the embodiments of the invention, showing the twisted core and filler element of the cable;
[0020] Fig. 7B is a drawing of a twisted pair of insulated conductors and a twisted filler element of the cable illustrated in Fig. 7, showing the different lay lengths of the twisted pair of insulated conductor and the filler element; and [0021] Fig. 8 is a drawing of an elevational view in section of an electrical cable in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, showing a crossweb separator and a filler element with inner and outer sections.
Detailed Description of the Invention [0022] Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, an electrical cable 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors 102 and a filler element 104 for reducing alien crosstalk between adjacent cables.
More specifically, the filler element 104 increases the cable diameter along one axis 106 of the cable 100 cross-section, effectively increasing the net distance between the pairs of insulated conductors 102 in the cable 100 from twisted pairs of insulated conductors of an adjacent cable (not shown).
[0023] As seen in Fig. 2, the electrical cable 100 has a cable jacket 202 that encloses the filler element 104 and the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors 102 in an inner area 204 defined by the inner perimeter 206 of the cable jacket 202.
Although the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors 102 preferably include four pairs of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212, and 214, the electrical cable 100 can include any number of twisted pairs of insulated conductors. The cable jacket 202 can be formed of a dielectric material, such as PVC, TA-910, or polyolefin low smoke zero halogen.
[0024] Each twisted pair of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212, and 214 defines a width 216 and is supported in a first region 218 of the cable jacket 202. The cable jacket 202 defines a generally central longitudinal axis 220. The cable 100 can be twisted about the central longitudinal axis 220, as seen in Fig. 1. A second region 222 supports the filler element 104. The filler element 104 has a generally cylindrical rod shape, with a substantially circular cross-sectional shape, and defines a width or diameter 224 and has a central axis 226. The first and second regions 218 and 222 are generally continuous.
[0025] The width 228 of the first region 218 is substantially larger than the width 230 of the second region 222, thereby creating an uneven or lopsided outer perimeter 232 of the cable jacket 202, such that the shape of the electrical connector 100 in section transverse to the longitudinal axis 220 is substantially non-circular, as seen in Fig. 2.
Preferably, the width 228 of the first region 218 is about twice the width 230 of the second region 222. However, the width 228 of the first region 218 can be any size with respect to width 230 of the second region 222, such as the same as or slightly larger than the width 230 of the second region 222, as long as the first region 218 can accommodate the twisted pairs of insulated conductors 102 and the second region 222 can accommodate the filler element 104. The outer perimeter 232 is asymmetrical and defines a transition area 234 between the larger first region 218 and the smaller second region 222.
[0026] The width 224 of the filler element 104 is substantially larger than the width 216 of each of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212 and 214. The central axis 226 of the filler element 104 is laterally offset from the central longitudinal axis 220 of the cable 100. By offsetting the axes 220 and 226 of the cable 100 and the filler element 104, respectively, and due to the size of the filler element 104, the diameter of the cable 100 along the axis 106 is increased. Because the width 224 of the filler element 104 is larger than the width 216 of the individual pairs of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212 and 214, the pairs 208, 219, 212 and 214 are prevented from encircling the filler element 104, thereby preventing coaxial aligrunent of the central axis 226 of the filler element 104 and the central longitudinal axis 220 of the electrical cable 100. Thus the non-circular cross-sectional shape of the electrical cable 100 is maintained. The lopsided shape and the increased diameter along the axis 106 of the electrical cable reduces alien crosstalk between adjacent cables 100 by increasing the distance from the twisted pairs of insulated conductors of the adjacent cables 100.
[0027] Although the filler element 104 is preferably shaped as a cylindrical rod, the filler element 104 can have any circular, elliptical or polygonal shape in cross-section. The filler element 104 can be formed of a single material or multiple materials.
For example, the filler element 104 can be made of a dielectric material, such as polypropylene, polyolefin insulation, rigid PVC insulation, or low smoke PVC insulation. Alternatively, the filler element 104 can be made of both dielectric and conductive materials. For example, the filler element 104 can be formed with a copper core and any one of FEP insulation or fluoropolymers, low smoke PVC insulation, rigid insulation, polyolefin insulation, or polypropylene insulation.
[0028] Referring to Fig. 3, an electrical cable 300 in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the electrical cable 100 of the first embodiment, except a second filler element 304 is disposed in a third region 336 of the cable jacket 302. The third region 336 is substantially the same size as the second region 222 and the second filler element 304 is substantially the same size as the first filler element 104. The outer perimeter 332 of the cable jacket 302 is uneven with a non-circular cross-section;
however, unlike the first embodiment, the outer perimeter is substantially symmetrical about a vertical axis of Fig. 3. Like the filler element 104, the second filler element 304 has a central axis 326 that is offset from the central longitudinal axis 320 of the cable 300. The second filler element 304 further increases the distance between neighboring cables along axis 106 to reduce alien crosstalk caused by an adjacent cable.
[0029] Referring to Fig. 4, an electrical cable 400 in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention includes a filler element 404 and the plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors supported in a cable jacket 405. The filler element 404 is similar to the filler element 104, except that it is larger, preferably about twice the width 216 of each twisted pair of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212 and 214. Unlike the cables 100 and 300 of the first and second embodiments, the cable jacket 405 of the cable 400 includes a single region 418 for supporting the filler element 404 and the plurality of twisted pairs 102.
The filler element 404 also includes a conductive core 408.
[0030] Like the cables 100 and 300 of the first and second embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the cable 400 is non-circular, such as an elliptical shape.
The non-circular shape of the cable 400 defines an even outer perimeter 432 of the cable jacket 406. The non-circular cross-sectional shape of the cable jacket 406 increases the diameter of the cable 400 along one axis 406 of the cable 400. A central axis 426 of the filler element 404 is offset from the central longitudinal axis 420 of the cable 400. Since the width or diameter 424 of the filler element 404 is about twice the width 216 of each twisted pair of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212, and 214, the pairs 208, 210, 212, and 214 are prevented from encircling the filler element 404, so that the filler element 404 remains offset from the central longitudinal axis 420 of the cable 400. Similar to the first and second embodiments, by fashioning the cable 400 in this manner, the distance between twisted pairs of insulated conductors of adjacent cables is increased, thereby reducing alien crosstalk.
[0031] Referring to Figs. 5 and 6, electrical cables 500 and 600 are the same as the electrical cables 100 and 300 of the first and second embodiments, respectively, except a plurality of separators 540, 542, 544 (Fig. 5) and 640, 642, 644 (Fig. 6) are disposed between the twisted pairs of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212 and 214 to reduce crosstalk between the adjacent pairs. Although three separators are preferably used, any number of separators can be employed including a single separator.
[0032] As seen in Fig. 5, the three separators 540, 542, and 544 divide the inner area 204 of the cable 100 into four quadrants with each quadrant supporting one of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212 and 214. Likewise, the three separators 640, 642, and 644 divide the inner area 204 of the cable 300. That isolates the twisted pairs 208, 210, 212, and 214 into the four quadrants, thereby isolating the twisted pairs 208, 210, 212, and 214 from each other to reduce crosstalk between the twisted pairs.
[0033] Each first separator 540 and 640 is substantially straight and divides the inner area 204 of their respective cables 500 and 600 into first and second halves 546, 646 and 548, 648 with two of the twisted pairs of insulated conductors 208 and 214 being disposed in the first half 546, 646 and the remaining two pairs 210 and 212 being disposed in the second half 548, 648. Each of the second separators 542 and 642 is disposed in the first half 546 and 646 of the respective cables. Similarly, each of the third separators 544 and 644 is disposed in the second half 546 and 646, respectively. Each second separator 542 and 642 divides twisted pairs 208 and 214 and each third separator 544 and 644 divides twisted pairs 210 and 212.
The separators 540, 542, 544 and 640, 642, 644 are preferably formed of a polymer material, such as solid or foamed polymer tape. The separators 540, 542, 544 and 640, 642, 644 are similar to the three separator tapes disclosed in co-pending commonly owned U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/012,149 to Lique et al., filed December 16, 2004, and entitled Reduced Alien Crosstalk Electrical Cable, the subject matter of which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0034] Referring to Figs. 7A and 7B, each of the embodiments of the cables described above are preferably twisted in such a manner as to prevent the filler element from entwining with the twisted pairs of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212 and 214. For example, the twisted pairs of insulated condiictors 208, 210, 212, 214 within the cable jacket 202 of the cable 100 are twisted together generally about the axis 220 (Fig. 2) to form a twisted or helix core 702. Separators similar to separators 540, 542, 544, 640, 642 and 644 can also be provided between the twisted pairs of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212, 214 and twisted with the pairs as part of the helix core 702. The filler element 104 is twisted around the helix core 702.
[0035] The helix core 702 defines a core lay length 704 between a first apex 706 and a second apex 708, as seen in Fig. 7B (showing a single twisted pair of insulated conductors 208 representing the helix core 702). Similarly, the filler element 104 defines a filler lay length 710 defined between a first apex 712 of the filler element 104 and a second apex 714.
The filler lay length 710 is larger than the core lay length 704 to prevent the filler element 104 from meshing or entwining with the helix core 702. Preferably, the filler lay lengt11710 is substantially larger than the core lay length 704. For example, the core lay length 704 can be about 1.5 - 3 inches and the filler lay length 710 can be about 2.5 - 4 inches. Each of the core lay length 704 and the filler lay length 710 can vary along the length of the cable. In order to substantially simultaneously twist both the pairs 208, 210, 212, and 214 and the filler element 104 and also maintain a larger filler lay length 710 than the core lay length 704, a traverse (not shown) is added to the conventional machine for twisting cable.
The traverse moves the filler element 104 back and forth as the core 702 is being twisted.
Moving the filler element 104 back and forth ensures that the pairs 208, 210, 212 ad 214 are twisted together and that the filler element 104 twists around the pairs, thereby creating a larger lay length 710 of the filler element 104. By preventing the filler element 104 from entwining with the twisted pairs of insulated conductors 208, 210, 212 and 214, the filler element 104 remains on the outside of the pairs, thereby maintaining a sufficient distance between adjacent cables to reduce alien crosstalk.
[0036] Referring to Fig. 8, an electrical cable 800 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention is similar to cable 500, except that instead of multiple separators 540, 542, and 544, a single separator 840 is used to isolate the wire pairs 208, 210, 212, and 214. Separator 840 can be formed as a unitary one-piece member and extends along central axis 820. Separator 840 includes transverse members 842 and 844 forming a substantially crossweb shape that generally divides the inner area 804 of the cable jacket 802 into four quadrants 846, 848, 850, and 852. Wire pair 208 is located in the first quadrant 846, wire pair 210 is located in the second quadrant 848, wire pair 212 is located in the third quadrant 850, and wire pair 214 is located in the fourth quadrant 852.
[0037] Filler element 804 of cable 800 is located between the separator 840 and the cable jacket 802, that is the filler element 804 is located outside of the separator 840. The filler element 804 can be aligned with either transverse member 842 and 844 of the separator 840, thereby forming an uneven shape in the cable jacket 802.
[0038] Filler element 804 may include inner and outer sections 860 and 862. As seen in Fig. 8, inner section 860 can be devoid of any material such that the filler elenlent 804 is hollow. Alternatively, the imler and outer sections 860 and 862 can be formed of different materials similar to filler element 404 (Fig. 4). For example, inner section and outer sections 860 and 862 can be formed of foamed or solid VATAR (ethylene-chloro triflouro ethylene copolymer), a polyvinyl chloride, such as a low smoke semi rigid polyvinyl chloride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, any type of polymer resin, and the like.
[0039] While particular embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, any number of filler elements can be employed with the cable including one, two, or more than two filler eleinents.