INelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA: [xoˈliːɬaɬa manˈdeːla]) (18 Julio 1918 – 5 Diciembre 2013) metung yangMauling Aprikanungrebolusyonaryung kontra-apartheid a mekulung, at kaybat meging pulitikung migsilbi antimongPamuntuk ning Mauling Aprika manibat 1994 anggang 1999. Ya ing mumunang matuling a South African a lukluk king pwestung ita, ampo ing mumunang miyalal king pangkabilugan a alalan a ganap a manalal pekakatawan. Tinutuk ya ing kayang kapamahalan king pamangalag king pamana ningapartheid kapamilata'ning pamanyamasan king makutkut ampong makabalangkas king sistemang rasismu o mababa paglalawe ampong pamanuring kareng e maputi, kakalulwan, ampong e pamipante-pante, ampo ing pamipalaganap king pamikasundu da reng lahi. King pulitika, metung yang nasyonalistang Aprikanu ampong nasyonalistang demokratiku, at migsilbi yang Pamuntuk ning African National Congress]] (ANC) manibat 1991 anggang 1997. King internasyunal a pamiugnayan, i Mandela ingPangkabilugang Kalihim (Secretary General) ning Pangimut a Alang Papanigan (Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement) manibat 1998 anggang 1999.
- Battersby, John (2011). "Mandela: The Authorised Biography". in Anthony Sampson. Mandela: The Authorised Biography. London: HarperCollins. pp. 587–610.ISBN 978-0007437979.
- Ellis, Stephen (2011). "The Genesis of the ANC's Armed Struggle in South Africa 1948–1961". Journal of Southern African Studies 37 (4): 657–676.doi:10.1080/03057070.2011.592659.
- Guiloineau, Jean (2002).Nelson Mandela: The Early Life of Rolihlahla Mandiba. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 9–26.ISBN 1-55643-417-0.
- Herbst, Jeffrey (2003). "The Making and Unmaking of Democracy: Lessons from History and World Politics". in Theodore K. Rabb, Ezra N. Suleiman. The Making and Unmaking of Democracy: Lessons from History and World Politics. London: Routledge. pp. 206–224.ISBN 978-0415933810.
- Mafela, Munzhedzi James (2008). "Indigenous Biography and Autobiography". in Anna Haebich, Frances Peters-Little, Peter Read. Indigenous Biography and Autobiography. Sydney: Humanities Research Centre,Australian National University.http://epress.anu.edu.au/aborig_history/indigenous_biog/mobile_devices/ch08.html#d0e6318.
- Houston, Gregory; Muthien, Yvonne (2000). "Democracy and Governance Review: Mandela's Legacy 1994–1999". in Yvonne Muthien, Meshack Khosa and Bernard Magubane. Democracy and Governance Review: Mandela's Legacy 1994–1999. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council Press. pp. 37–68.ISBN 978-0796919700.
- Kalumba, Kibujjo M. (1995). "The Political Philosophy of Nelson Mandela: A Primer". Journal of Social Philosophy 26 (3): 161–171.doi:10.1111/j.1467-9833.1995.tb00092.x.
- Mandela, Nelson (1994).Long Walk to Freedom Volume I: 1918–1962. Little, Brown and Company.ISBN 978-0754087236.
- Mandela, Nelson [1994] (2004).Long Walk to Freedom Volume II: 1962–1994(large print edition). London: BBC AudioBooks and Time Warner Books Ltd.ISBN 978-0754087243.
- Muthien, Yvonne; Khosa, Meshack; Magubane, Bernard (2000). "Democracy and Governance Review: Mandela's Legacy 1994–1999". in Yvonne Muthien, Meshack Khosa and Bernard Magubane. Democracy and Governance Review: Mandela's Legacy 1994–1999. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council Press. pp. 361–374.ISBN 978-0796919700.
- Meredith, Martin (2010).Mandela: A Biography. New York: PublicAffairs.ISBN 978-1586488321.
- Sampson, Anthony [1999] (2011).Mandela: The Authorised Biography. London: HarperCollins.ISBN 978-0007437979.
- Smith, David James (2010).Young Mandela. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.ISBN 978-0297855248.
|- |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"|Minuna kaya
F. W. de Klerk
asState President of South Africa|width="40%" rowspan="1"|Pamuntuk ning Mauling Aprika
1994–1999 |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"| Menalili kaya
Thabo Mbeki|-|-|-! colspan="3" | Party political offices
|- |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"|Minuna kaya
Oliver Tambo|width="40%" rowspan="1"|President of the African National Congress
1991–1997 |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"| Menalili kaya
Thabo Mbeki|-|-|width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"| Elilan neng
{{{after}}}|-|- |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"|Minuna kaya
Andrés Pastrana Arango|width="40%" rowspan="1"|Secretary General of Non-Aligned Movement
1998–1999 |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"| Menalili kaya
Thabo Mbeki|-|}
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