Dengamphibian (classAmphibia) metung lang taxon (grupu king klasipikasyun) da reng animal nung nu la kayabe reng eganaganangtetrapod (vertebrate a maki apat a bitis) a alang ebun aamniotic. Keraklan, ating panaun a king gabun la manuknangan, oneng e la kumabyeng laganas king gabun anti kareng aliwang makabayung tetrapod (dengamniote). Manga lima lang libu pitung dalan (5,700) deng mabyengspecies da reng amphibian.Herpetology ing aus da king pamagaral kareng amphibian ampong reptile.Herpetophobia naman ing aus ketang takut kareng amphibian ampong reptile.
Linto la reng amphibian a maki kauryan anti reng pharyngeal slit/gills, nerve cord king gulut, notochord, ampong king gulut ning buldit (post-anal tail) kareng myayaliwang panaun king karelang bye. Mabibye na la manibat pa kanitang lalto la pamu deng tetrapod atlung dalan syam a pulung (390) milyun nang banwa ing milabas, kanitang panaun aDevonian, nung kapilan ila ing minunang animal a apat bitis a mikabaga. Anyang tutuking panaun, ing Carboniferous, mika kagiwan lang lumakad king gabun ba rang lisyan ing kumpitensya king danum ampo reng darakap, kabang maglakbe la manibat king pilatan da reng danuman. Menatili lang dominanting animal anting metung a grupu kilub ning pitumpulu’t limang (75) milyung banwa. King kabilugan ning karelang kasalesayan, maragul ing pamiyaliwa ning karelang degulan, manibat ketangIchthyostega kanitang Devonian a atlung pie kaba ampo itang maragul bagyangEryops kanitang Permian, a limang pie kaba, angga kareng pekamalati, itang misnang latiktik aBrachycephalus didactylus o (Brazilian Gold Frog) ampo ingEleutherodactylus iberia ibatCuba, a maki pangkabilugang kabang 9.6 anggang 9.8 a millimeter.
- Solomon Berg Martin,Biology
- Duellman/Trueb,Biology of Amphibians
Sadya-sadya, yabe la kareng amphibian deng eganaganang tetrapod (animal a apat a bitis) a e amniote (maki telasuput lang mitmung likidu deng karelang embryo). Keta lang mas malating grupu kayabe deng amphibian ngening panaun tamu, a yawsan dangLissamphibia. Deta namung kayabe keting Lissamphibia ilang tuturing dang Amphibia ngeni. Ing buri nang sabyan, e no kayabe deng tetrapod a e mas malapit kareng modernung amphibian kesa kareng modernung reptile, ayup ampng mammal.
There are twoancient,extinct,subclasses:Adwa la rengsubclass a ala na ngeni at mebye kanitang minunang panaun.
Itang mitatagan a modernung subclass, ingLissamphibia, atlu ya [[Order (biologia)|order]]:
5,228 a species
E la mikasundu deng siyentipiku nung Superorder ya ing Salientia nung nu ya kayabe ing Anura, o nung sub-order ne ning order Salientia ing Anura. Ing malilyari, deng kayanib king Salientia, ila ring Anura ampo ing metung a species a proto-frog (pipumpunan da reng tugak) kanitang panaun aTriassic, ingTriadobatrachus massinoti. Balamu mas praktikal yang tukyan ngeni itang mumunang pamag-grupu.
Karas king pamiparakal, o la midadayu king danum a tabang deng keraklan kareng amphibian. Lipat ning ating mapilan a mabibye king danum a brackish (malat-alat), alang taganang amphibian a mabibye king danum a malat. Nanupata, ating pilang dalan a species da reng tugak kareng adaptive radiation (alimbawa, deng Eleutherodactylus, Pacific Platymantines, Australo-Papuan microhylids, at dakal pang aliwang tugak kareng lugal a tropical) a e bitasang gagamit danum para kaniti. Darakal la kapamilatan ning tambing o diretsung pamanalkus (direct development), metung a pamakibage king paligid ampo king ebolusyon nung nu la mitimawa o milibri king danum a e mamagus. Mabibye la kareng tropical rainforest a mabasa deng keraklan kareng species a reti, at potang miyapsa la reng ebun da, tambing da nong kalupa da reng mangaragul a tugak, at e no maging butiti. Ating muring mapilan a species a mekibage na kareng kapaligiran a malangi o malangi-langi, dapot mangaylangan la pa muring danum a pipangebunan. Mangisnawa la reng butiti kapamilatan da reng asang. Kayapsa ra, bagya-bagya lang manaliwa deti anggang akalupa do reng mangatwa, metung a prosesung awsan dang [[metamorphosis (biologia)|metamorphosis]]. Keraklan, mamako no reti potang dagul la, dapot dakal a e tutuki king paralan a iti.
Itang pamanalto da reng apat a bitis bang mitikdo king gabun ing kapansin-pansin diling dake ning metamorphosis da reng amphibian. Nanupata, atin pang aliwang manaliwa kareti:
- Miyayalilan lang aliwang organu ning pamangisnawa deng asang, alimbawa
bagas.
- Manaliwa ya ing balat at mikakaen:gland ya iti ba yang e lalangi
- Mikaka talukab la reng mata at babage la king kilwal ning danum
- Mikakaen:eardrum ba yang misara ing libutad ningbalugbug
- Mawawala ya ingiki kareng tugak ampong karag (toad).
Template:Dichotomouskey
Department of herpetology]
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