Nkhondo yamkati inayamba pa 15 April 2023 pakati pa magulu awiri otsutsana aboma lankhondo laSudan. Mkangano uwu ukuphatikizaSudanese Armed Forces (SAF), otsogozedwa ndi GeneralAbdel Fattah al‑Burhan, ndi gulu la paramilitaryRapid Support Forces (RSF), lomwe likutsogozedwa ndi Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (wodziwika kwambiri ndi dzina lotiHemedti), yemwenso atsogolera gulu lalikulu laJanjaweed. Magulu ang’onoang’ono ankhondo alowa nawo nkhondoyi. Kumenyana kwakhazikika kwambirim’mzinda likulu,Khartoum, komwe mkangano udayambira ndi nkhondo zazikulu, komanso m’dera laDarfur.[1][2][3] Anthu ambiri m’dera la Darfur ananenedwa kuti aphedwa m’njira yotchedwaMasalit massacres, zomwe zafotokozedwa ngatiethnic cleansing kapenagenocide.[4] Sudan yatsimikiziridwa kukhala ikukumana ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri lahumanitarian crisis padziko lapansi; pafupifupi anthu 25 miliyoni akukumana ndi njala yayikulu kwambirinjala.[5] Pa 7 January 2025, United States idanena kuti RSF ndi magulu okhudzana nawo achitagenocide.[6]
Kuyambira pomwe Sudan inapeza ufulu wake mu 1956, dzikoli lakhala likuvutika ndi kusakhazikika komwe kukuphatikizapozoyesayesa 20 za coup, ulamuliro wa nthawi yayitali wa asilikali, nkhondo ziwiri zamkati zotsutsa kwambiri, komansoDarfur genocide. Nkhondoyi inayamba chifukwa cha kusamvana pa kuphatikizidwa kwa RSF mu asilikali pambuyo pacoup ya 2021, kuyambira ndi kuukira kwa RSF m'madera a boma kuKhartoum ndi mizinda ina. Deralo likulu linagawika pakati pa magulu awiriwa, ndipo al‑Burhan anasamutsira boma lake kuPort Sudan. Zoyesayesa za mayiko ena, kuphatikizapo mgwirizano wa May 2023 wotchedwa Jeddah Declaration, sizinathe kuthetsa nkhondoyi, pomwe magulu ambiri ankhondo analowa nawo:SPLM–North (al‑Hilu faction) idalimbana ndi SAF kumwera; gulu laTamazuj linathandizira RSF; ndipo SAF inalandira thandizo kuchokera ku magulu ena aSudan Liberation Movement ndiJustice and Equality Movement. Pofika kumapeto kwa 2023, RSF idalamulira madera ambiri a Darfur ndikupita patsogolo ku Khartoum,Kordofan, ndiGezira. SAF inakweza mphamvu mu 2024, ikulandira mphamvu kuOmdurman ndikubwezeretsa Khartoum, kuphatikizapoNyumba ya Purezidenti ndidege lapaulendo, mu March 2025. Ngakhale zoyesayesa zatsopano zokambirana, sipanakhalepo mgwirizano wokhazikika wa kupuma moto, ndipo nkhondoyi ikupitirirabe ndi zovuta zazikulu za anthu komanso zoopsa zadziko lonse.
Njala yokha yawononga moyo wa ana pafupifupi 522,000, pamene chiwerengero chonse cha anthu omwe aphedwa m’nkhondoyi, kuphatikizapo imfa chifukwa chachiwawa,njala, ndimatenda, ndichokwera kwambiri; anthu ena masauzande ambiri akusowa kapena aphedwa m'masanthula apadera, makamaka omwe amayikidwa ku RSF ndi magulu okhudzana nawo.[7][8] Osachepera anthu 61,000 aphedwa kuKhartoum State yokha, mwa omwe 26,000 aphedwa chifukwa cha chiwawa chokha.[9] Pofika 5 February 2025, anthu opitirira 8.8 miliyoni anasamukira mkati mwa dziko ndipo ena opitirira 3.5 miliyoni anathawa kudziko lina ngati othawa nkhondo.[10] Mu August 2024,Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Famine Review Committee (FRC) idatsimikizira kuti zinthu za njala zili m'madera ena a North Darfur.[11]
Kuthandiza kwadziko lina m’nkhondoyi kuphatikizapo kutumizidwa kwa zida kuchokera kuChina,Russia, ndiTurkey, ndiUAE ndiChad kuthandiza RSF pamene Egypt ikuthandiza SAF, m’nthawi ya mkangano wa m’madera. Nkhondoyi yachititsa mavuto aakulu kwambiri a anthu mongakusowa kwa chakudya, madzi, mankhwala, ndi mwayi wolowa chithandizo, kutseka kwa zipatala zambiri, kufalikira kwa matenda, kusamuka kwa anthu ambiri, kuba zinthu za chithandizo cha anthu, komanso kufooka kwa maphunziro ndi zomangamanga, zomwe zapangitsa kuti anthu oposa hafu ya dzikoli akhale ofunikira kwambiri kupatsidwa chithandizo. Pali pempho lachangu kuti aperekedwe thandizo, chitetezo chalamulo kwaogwira ntchito za chifundo, kuthandizaothawa nkhondo, komanso kusiya kutumiza zida kwa RSF, makamaka kuchokera ku UAE. SAF ndi RSF onse awagwiritsa ntchitozabodza pogwiritsa ntchitosocial media, zithunzi zabodza, ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndiAI kuti asokoneze malingaliro a anthu, kutsutsa adani awo, ndikulimbikitsa malingaliro a dziko lonse lapansi. M'mbuyo mwa nkhondoyi,United States,United Kingdom,Canada, ndiEuropean Union adayikaziletso pa anthu, makampani, ndi mabungwe omwe akugwirizana ndi SAF ndi RSF chifukwa cha kuswa mgwirizano wa kupuma moto, kulakwira ufulu wa anthu, komanso ntchito zosokoneza dziko.
