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40 YEARS OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACTION

Index - Previous Postings

Algeria

The Algerian Nuclear Problem, 1991: Controversy over the Es Salam Nuclear Reactor

 

China

China May Have Helped Pakistan Nuclear Weapons Design, Newly Declassified Intelligence Indicates

China, Pakistan, and the Bomb

China's First Nuclear Test 1964 -- 50th Anniversary

The Chinese Nuclear Weapons Program

The United States and the Chinese Nuclear Program, 1960-1964

U.S. Intelligence on Russian and Chinese Nuclear Testing Activities, 1990-2000

 

Cold War Crises

Air Force Histories Show Cautious Presidents Overruling Air Force Plans for Early Use of Nuclear Weapons

First Strike Options and the Berlin Crisis, 1961

New Kissinger Telcons from the October War

The 1983 War Scare Declassified and For Real

The Cuban Missile Crisis @ 60: Briefing NATO Allies

The October War and U.S. Policy

The Submarines of October: U.S. and Soviet Naval Encounters During the Cuban Missile Crisis

 

Command and Control and Warning

"Consultation is Presidential Business": Secret Understandings on the Use of Nuclear Weapons, 1950-1974

"Nobody Wins a Nuclear War" But "Success" is Possible

Cold War Air Defense Relied on Widespread Dispersal of Nuclear Weapons, Documents Show

Declassified Pentagon History Provides Hair-Raising Scenarios of U.S. Vulnerabilities to Nuclear Attack through 1970s

Eisenhower and Nuclear Predelegation

Every Nuclear-Tipped Missile is an "Accident Waiting to Happen"

Launch on Warning

Newly Declassified Documents on Advance Presidential Authorization of Nuclear Weapons Use

The 3 A.M. Phone Call

The Air Force versus Hollywood

The Presidential Nuclear "Football" From Eisenhower to George W. Bush

Top Air Force Official Told JCS in 1971: “We Could Lose Two Hundred Million People [in a Nuclear War] and Still Have More Than We Had at the Time of the Civil War”

U.S. Had Plans for "Full Nuclear Response" In Event President Killed or Disappeared during an Attack on the United States

U.S. Presidents Predelegated Nuclear Weapons Release Authority to Military Commanders

 

France

The French Bomb, with Secret U.S. Help

U.S. Intelligence and the French Nuclear Weapons Program

 

Germany

NATO's Original Purpose: Double Containment of the Soviet Union and "Resurgent" Germany

Preoccupations with West Germany’s Nuclear Weapons Potential Shaped Kennedy-Era Diplomacy

The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the German Nuclear Question Part II, 1965-1969

 

Government Motion Pictures and Documentaries

"Nobody Wins a Nuclear War" But "Success" is Possible

Newly Released Sandia Labs Film Presents Story of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Safety Effort

The Air Force versus Hollywood

U.S. Strategic Nuclear Policy: A Video History, 1945-2004

 

Iceland

U.S. Government Debated Secret Nuclear Deployments in Iceland

 

India

India and Pakistan -- On the Nuclear Threshold

The Nixon Administration and the Indian Nuclear Program, 1972-1974

The U.S., Canada, and the Indian Nuclear Program, 1968-1974

U.S. Intelligence and the Indian Bomb

 

Iran

Iran’s Nuclear Program – Then and Now

The Iranian Nuclear Program, 1974-1978

 

Israel

Concerned About Nuclear Weapons Potential, John F. Kennedy Pushed for Inspection of Israel Nuclear Facilities

Duplicity and Self-Deception: Israel, the United States, and the Dimona Inspections, 1964-65

In 1974 Estimate, CIA Found that Israel Already Had a Nuclear Stockpile

Israel and the Bomb

Israel Crosses the Threshold

Israel Crosses the Threshold II

The Battle of the Letters, 1963: John F. Kennedy, David Ben-Gurion, Levi Eshkol, and the U.S. Inspections of Dimona

The Israel-Argentina Yellowcake Connection

The NUMEC Affair: Did Highly Enriched Uranium from the U.S. Aid Israel's Nuclear Weapons Program?

The U.S. Discovery of Israel's Secret Nuclear Project

 

Italy

The Jupiter Missiles and the Endgame of the Cuban Missile Crisis, 60 Years Ago

The Jupiter Missiles and the Cuban Missile Crisis Endgame:  Part II: Sealing the Deal with Italy and Turkey

 

Japan

Japan Plutonium Overhang Origins and Dangers Debated by U.S. Officials

New Documents on Okinawa Reversion

Nuclear Noh Drama: Tokyo, Washington and the Case of the Missing Nuclear Agreements

Nuclear Weapons on Okinawa Declassified December 2015, Photos Available Since 1990

U.S. Nuclear Weapons and Okinawa

U.S. Nuclear Weapons Deployments in Chichi Jima and Iwo Jima

U.S.-Japan Negotiations over Reprocessing and Plutonium Use: Opening Moves, 1981-1982

 

Manhattan Project and the First Atomic Bombings

The First Atomic Explosion, 16 July 1945

78th Anniversary of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombings: Revisiting the Record

 

National Security Policy

"Prevent the Reemergence of a New Rival": The Making of the Cheney Regional Defense Strategy

Did Truman Meet with NATO Foreign Ministers on 3 April 1949? A Cold War Mystery

 

Nuclear Alerts and Exercises

Alerts, Crises, and DEFCONs

Crises, Alerts, and DEFCONS, 1961-1976 – Part II

Ivory Item: Carter First U.S. President to Participate in Nuclear Drill

Nixon, Kissinger, and the Madman Strategy during Vietnam War

The 1983 War Scare Declassified and For Real

 

Nuclear Deployments and Delivery Systems

Atomic Energy Act Prevents Declassification of Site of 1958 “Broken Arrow” Nuclear Weapons Accident

Cold War Air Defense Relied on Widespread Dispersal of Nuclear Weapons, Documents Show

How Many and Where Were the Nukes?

How Much is Enough? Part I. The U.S. Navy and "Finite Deterrence"

How Much is Enough? Part II.

The U.S. Nuclear Presence in Western Europe, 1954-1962, Part I

The U.S. Nuclear Presence in Western Europe, 1954-1962, Part II

Thirtieth Anniversary of NATO's Dual-Track Decision

U.S. Government Debated Secret Nuclear Deployments in Iceland

U.S. Nuclear Weapons Deployments in Chichi Jima and Iwo Jima

US Nuclear Weapons in the Netherlands: A First Appraisal

Unilateral U.S. nuclear pullback in 1991 matched by rapid Soviet cuts

United States Secretly Deployed Nuclear Bombs In 27 Countries and Territories During the Cold War

 

Nuclear Intelligence

China May Have Helped Pakistan Nuclear Weapons Design, Newly Declassified Intelligence Indicates

China, Pakistan, and the Bomb

Declassified 1964 National Intelligence Estimate Predicts India's Bomb But Not Israel's

Eyes on the Bomb

In 1974 Estimate, CIA Found that Israel Already Had a Nuclear Stockpile and that "Many Countries" Would Soon Have Nuclear Capabilities

India and Pakistan -- On the Nuclear Threshold

INR’s Nuclear Watch, 1957-1967

Intelligence Center Tracks Missile Launches Worldwide 24/7

National Intelligence Estimates of the Nuclear Proliferation Problem

Project Azorian: The CIA's Declassified History of the Glomar Explorer

Proliferation Watch: U.S. Intelligence Assessments of Potential Nuclear Powers, 1977-2001

Studies by Once Top Secret Government Entity Portrayed Terrible Costs of Nuclear War

The Chinese Nuclear Weapons Program

The Nuclear Emergency Search Team, 1974-1996

The U.S. Atomic Energy Detection System (AEDS)

The United States and the Chinese Nuclear Program, 1960-1964

The Vela Incident: Nuclear Test or Meteorite?

The Vela Incident: South Atlantic Mystery Flash in September 1979 Raised Questions about Nuclear Test

U.S. Intelligence and the French Nuclear Weapons Program

U.S. Intelligence and the Indian Bomb

U.S. Intelligence and the South African Bomb

U.S. Intelligence on Russian and Chinese Nuclear Testing Activities, 1990-2000

U.S. Nuclear Detection and Counterterrorism, 1998-2009

 

Nuclear Secrecy

International Atomic Energy Agency Lacks Transparency, Observers and Researchers Say

More Dubious Secrets: Systematic Overclassification of Defense Information Poses Challenge for President Obama's Secrecy Review

Nuclear Weapons on Okinawa Declassified December 2015, Photos Available Since 1990

Recent Nuclear Declassifications and Denials: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

The Secrecy Court of Last Resort

Why is "Poodle Blanket" Classified? Still More Dubious Secrets at the Pentagon

 

Nuclear Threats and Nuclear Use

Air Force Histories Show Cautious Presidents Overruling Air Force Plans for Early Use of Nuclear Weapons

Nixon's Nuclear Ploy

Nuclear Weapons, the Vietnam War, and the "Nuclear Taboo"

The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II

U.S. Presidents and the Nuclear Taboo

 

Nuclear Weapons Accidents and Safety

Every Nuclear-Tipped Missile is an "Accident Waiting to Happen"

New Details on the 1961 Goldsboro Accident

Newly Released Sandia Labs Film Presents Story of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Safety Effort

Nuclear Weapons Accidents “Simply a Fact of Life:” Declassified State Department History on Palomares and Thule Clean-up and Negotiations

Nuclear Weapons and the Law of War

 

Nuclear Weapons Technology

Early Atomic Energy Commission Studies Show Concern over Gas Centrifuge Proliferation risk

New Memoir by Participant in U.S. H-Bomb Program Sheds Light on the Making of the First Test Device

The Gas Centrifuge Secret: Origins of a U.S. Policy of Nuclear Denial, 1954-1960

 

Nuclear Weapons Tests

60th Anniversary of Castle BRAVO Nuclear Test, the Worst Nuclear Test in U.S. History

70th Anniversary of Operation Crossroads Atomic Tests in Bikini Atoll, July 1946

Bikini A-Bomb Tests July 1946

 

Pakistan

China, Pakistan, and the Bomb

India and Pakistan -- On the Nuclear Threshold

New Documents Spotlight Reagan-era Tensions over Pakistani Nuclear Program

Non-Papers and Demarches: U.S. and British Combined to Delay Pakistani Nuclear Weapons Program in 1978-1981, Declassified Documents Show

Pakistan's Illegal Nuclear Procurement Exposed in 1987

Pakistan’s Nuclear Program Posed “Acute Dilemma” for U.S. Policy

The U.S. and the Pakistani Bomb, 1984-1985: General Zia, President Reagan, and Seymour Hersh

The United States and Pakistan's Quest for the Bomb

 

Russia and Former Soviet Union

CIA Debriefed Soviet H-Bomb Eye-Witness in 1957

Detection of the First Soviet Nuclear Test, September 1949

Previously Classified Interviews with Former Soviet Officials Reveal U.S. Strategic Intelligence Failure Over Decades

U.S. Intelligence and the Detection of the First Soviet Nuclear Test, September 1949

U.S. Intelligence on Russian and Chinese Nuclear Testing Activities, 1990-2000

 

South Africa

U.S. Intelligence and the South African Bomb

 

Taiwan

New Archival Evidence on Taiwanese "Nuclear Intentions", 1966-1976

Taiwan’s Quest for the Bomb

U.S. Opposed Taiwanese Bomb during 1970s

 

Turkey

Nuclear Weapons and Turkey Since 1959

The Jupiter Missiles and the Endgame of the Cuban Missile Crisis, 60 Years Ago

The Jupiter Missiles and the Cuban Missile Crisis Endgame:  Part II: Sealing the Deal with Italy and Turkey

 

Two Koreas

The First Nukes on the Korean Peninsula

Kissinger State Department Insisted that South Koreans Break Contract with French for Reprocessing Plant

North Korea and Nuclear Weapons

Stopping Korea from Going Nuclear, Part I

Stopping Korea from Going Nuclear, Part II

 

U.S. Arms Control and Nuclear Proliferation Concerns

"Atoms for Peace" Was Actually a “Threat to Peace” – AEC Official in 1955

"The Impulse towards a Safer World"

"We can't go on the way we are"

1960s "Nth Country Experiment" Foreshadows Today's Concerns Over the Ease of Nuclear Proliferation

60th Anniversary of Irish Resolution: A Forerunner of the NPT

Declassified Documents Show Henry Kissinger's Major Role in the 1974 Initiative That Created the Nuclear Suppliers Group

Early Atomic Energy Commission Studies Show Concern over Gas Centrifuge Proliferation risk

In 1974 Estimate, CIA Found that Israel Already Had a Nuclear Stockpile

Missile Defense 30 Years Ago: Deja Vu All Over Again?

The Limited Test Ban Treaty - 50 Years Later: New Documents Throw Light on Accord Banning Atmospheric Nuclear Testing

The Making of the Limited Test Ban Treaty, 1958-1963

The Secret History of the ABM Treaty, 1969-1972

The Test Ban Challenge: Nuclear Nonproliferation and the Quest for a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

 

United Kingdom

The British Bomb and the United States - Part One

The British Bomb and the United States - Part Two

"Consultation is Presidential Business" - Secret Understandings on the Use of Nuclear Weapons, 1950-1974

 

War Plans and Planning

"It Is Certain There Will be Many Firestorms" - New Evidence on the Origins of Overkill

"To Have the Only Option That of Killing 80 Million People is the Height of Immorality"

First Strike Options and the Berlin Crisis, September 1961

Jimmy Carter's Controversial Nuclear Targeting Directive PD-59 Declassified

Long-Classified U.S. Estimates of Nuclear War Casualties During the Cold War Regularly Underestimated Deaths and Destruction

More Evidence on SIOP-62 and the Origins of Overkill

New Evidence on the Origins of Overkill

New State Department History Details Nuclear Targeting and Continuity of Government, 1977-1980

Reagan's Nuclear War Briefing Declassified

Studies by Once Top Secret Government Entity Portrayed Terrible Costs of Nuclear War

The Creation of SIOP-62

Top Air Force Official Told JCS in 1971: “We Could Lose Two Hundred Million People [in a Nuclear War] and Still Have More Than We Had at the Time of the Civil War”

U.S. Cold War Nuclear Target Lists Declassified for First Time

U.S. Planning for War in Europe, 1963-64

U.S. War Plans Would Kill an Estimated 108 Million Soviets, 104 Million Chinese, and 2.6 Million Poles: More Evidence on SIOP-62 and the Origins of Overkill

 
 
 

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