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Novial

Fro Wikipedia
LinguesKonstrukteti lingues → Novial
novial
Propri nomenovial
Informatione
Parlatpoki parleres trans li monde
Ofisial linguenulilok
Parleressirk 10
Rangenon in 100 maxim grandi
Alfabetelatini
Akademie del linguenulu

Linguistikal klasifikatione

Lingual familiekonstrukteti lingue
Lingual grupeinternational auxiliari lingue
Kodes del lingue
ISO 639-1
ISO 639-2art
ISO 639-3nov
SILnov

Novial (nov +IAL, International Auxiliari Lingue) es konstrukteti lingue kreat da ProfesoreOtto Jespersen, dani linguiste kel had anteim prenda parte in li kreatione de altri konstrukteti lingue,Ido. Lo kread novial kom international auxiliari lingue (IAL), por plufasilifika international komunikatione, ma sin desplasa uli patrial lingues.

Jespersen unesmim introdukted novial in li angli libreAn International Language ye1928. Ye1930 lo publisad multlingual lexike de novial,Novial Lexike, kun traduktiones in anglum, fransum e germanum. Plusi modifikationes blid proposi ye li 1930 dekyare, ma after li morio de Jespersen ye1943, lun uso sesad. Durant li 1990 dekyare novial ha atrakte intereso per li interete, e nun es nombre de useres trans li monde.

Ye24 de novembre2004 li yahoo-grupenovial-diskusione blid fonda in li interrete. Deposjanuare2006 exista liNovial Wikipedie in li interrete.

Historie

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Chefi artikle:Historie de Novial

Un International Lingue (1928)

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Novial unesmim bli deskripte in li angli libreAn International Language (1928) da Otto Jespersen. Li unesmi parte del libre diskuse li besono por international auxiliari lingue, li desavantajes de national lingues por ti funktione e komuni objetiones konter konstrukteti international auxiliari lingues. Jespersen anke provise kritikal resense del historie de konstrukteti IALs kun sektiones priVolapük,Esperanto,Idiom Neutral,Ido,Latino sine Flexione eOccidental (Interlingue). Li autore klarifika ke lo usa li grandi quantitate de plu frui verkes pri li probleme, non solim li anteim mentionat IALs.

Li duesmi parte deAn International Language detalim deskripte novial. Alternativi posibli solutiones por problemes in li fonologia, ortografia, gramatike e vokablaro bli konsidera. Li selektiones bli explika per komparo kun national e anteim konstrukteti IALs.

Novial Lexike (1930)

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Kelki chanjos bli introdukte in li lingue kun li publikatione deNovial Lexike ye 1930. Inter disi chanjos on trova kelki sufixes kom -ntia (konvalescentia, inteligentia, presentia) e -itate (felisitate, sinseritate)[1], e adverbies sin li finale -im (tot nudi, tal-nomat, extrem fasil, bon konstruktet)[1].

Novialiste (1934)

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In maye 1934, Otto Jespersen proposid in lon artiklePlubonisat Novial[2] (publisat in li revueNovialiste) li adoptione de un »ortografial» novial apud li original fonetikalim skriptet lingue[3].

Kom resulte de omni disum me proposi ke on have du formes de novial, usabli segun chaken personal prefero:

  1. fonetikal novial (FN) kom li tilnun usat, sin c e sin z.
  2. ortografial novial (ON), kel admise li literes c (kun ç e sc) e z.

Fro 1935 til 1939, Valter Ahlstedt kolaborad inNovialiste. Ye 1937, komisione nomisat Lingual Jurie del Novialistes por plubonisa Novial bli krea, kun Ahlstedt kom sekretario. Pro li influo de Ahlstedt, li nove versione de Novial esed tre proxim aInterlingue. LonGramatike Interlingual devenid li nov ofisiali gramatike de Novial. Tamen, Ahlstedt chanjad aInterlingua e tum signifikad li fine del lingue, kel esed sin uso til li 1990 dekyare.

After li morio de Otto Jespersen

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In li 1990 dekyare, un nov generatione de novialistes (usoniani studantes e linguistes) publikadNovial 98 (Novi International Auxiliari Linguum) che interete. Li briti matematikisto James Chandler publikis multi textes in e pri novial[4]

Novial98 have kelki 20 chanjos, diskutet in intereti forume[1] kom li inklusione de w e z, li aditione de -r al infinitives,ve bli chanja ava esta bli adi por kontinui tempe (me sta lekter).

Tum esed li komenso de novi novialides kom Novial Pro da Marcos Franco, Eurial de B. Phillip Jonsson, NovIALA e Noviali Interlingue Modernizat, adapted li fundi idees de Guisepe Peano e li labore de Otto Jespersen, Edgar de Wahl e Alexander Gode.

Li grupe de diskusione de Yahoo bli fonda ye 2004 e li Wikipedie in Novial esed kreat ye 2006.

Li Esperanto haved sukseso plus kam li Novial ma... ob Jespersen komprenad ante omnes que li Anglum vud es li internationali lingue after li Fransum com tum es nunim?

Ob nur li chanse fad ke lo esed profesor de Anglum?

Quam unque es, li gramatike del Novial es li angli gramatike por li verbes e li novial vordes es konosata pri len radikale en li omne monde. Disu dona novi chanse de sukseso nunim al Novial.

Gramatike

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Disi artikle parla pri li gramatike de Novial kel apari in li libre 'An International Language', non pri li modifikationes fat aftru.

Li alfabete de Novial did chanja e kelki literes blid adi aftru, kom li litere z.

NovialABDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY
IFA/a//b//d//e/~/ɛ//f//g//h//i//dʒ/, /ʒ//k//l//m//n//o//p//k//r//s/, /z//t//u//v//w/, /u/, /v//ks//j/

Substantives

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Adjektives

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Pronomines

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singularipluralinondefiniti
1mi2mi3mi1mi2mi3mi
mask.fem.neut.omnigenusmask.fem.neut.omnigenus
Novialmevulolalulenusvusloslaslusleson

Li verbes nulitem chanja kun persone o nombre. Li maxim parte del tempus, modes e voises bli exprese kun auxiliari verbes presedant li radike del chefi verbe. Li auxiliaris seku li sami ordine de paroles kom li angli equivalenti.

Partisipes

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Infinitive e Imperative

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Presente e Preterite

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Future e Konditionale

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Perfekte e Plusquamperfekte

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Non-direkti Parlo

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Verbal Sisteme

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pre-denotes
before
previda
foresee
prehistorie
prehistory
prepaga
prepay
anti-denotes
against
antialkoholisme 
anti-alcoholism
antiklerikal   
anticlerical
antimilitariste 
antimilitarist
non-negative prefix 
not
nonexistant
nonexistant
nonposibli
impossible
nonreal
unreal
des-denotes direct
opposite
desobedia 
disobey
desfasil   
difficult
desutili 
harmful, pernicious
dis-denotes dispersion or
separation
disdona 
distribute
dissenda   
send out
distrancha 
carve
mis-denotes
wrongly
mispronuntia 
mispronounce
misdukte   
mislead
miskomprenda 
miscomprehend
mal-denotes
bad
malodoro 
stink
malformat   
malformed
malhumerosi 
ill-tempered
par-denotes
perfectly orthoroughly 
parlerna 
learn thoroughly
parlekte   
read thoroughly
parmori 
die out completely
ri-denotes repetition or
restoration
rielekte 
re-elect
riforma   
reform
rigana 
regain
retro-denotes
back(wards)
retroflua 
flow back
retroaktiv   
retroactive
retroseda
cede back, restore
mi-denotes
half
mihore 
half-hour
miklosat   
half closed
milume 
twilight
bo-denotes relation by
marriage
bopatro 
father-in-law
bofilia   
daughter-in-law
boparentes 
in-laws
ex-denotes
late, former, retired, ex-
ex-presidente 
ex-president
ex-marito   
ex-husband
ex-marita 
ex-wife
arki-
ark-
denotes
arch,senior,main
arkianjele 
archangel
arkepiskopo   
archbishop
arkenemike 
arch-enemy
pseudo-denotes
pseudo-, false
pseudo-sientie 
pseudo-science
pseudo-romanti   
pseudo-romantic
pseudo-profete 
pseudoprophet
Substantivali sufixes
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-esoto form abstracts, denotes state of beingvereso
truth, state of being true
febleso
weakness
venkateso
defeat
-oforms verbal nounsploro 
weeping
opino   
thinking, opinion
sentio 
feeling, feel
-(t)ionedenotes partly the result (as a whole) or the resulting state, partly the way or manner in which something is donedefinitione
definition
evolutione
evolution
satisfaktione
satisfaction
-umdenotes the product of action (as distinct from the way in which it is done) to be added to the passive participlefabrikatum 
manufactured article
printatum   
printed matter
kopiatum 
copy, something copied
-uredenotes the result or product (as distinct from the act itself)pikture 
picture
inventure   
invention
fotografure 
photograph
-ere
-iste
denote operator or person occupied withbakere 
baker
konsiliste   
councillor
klimere 
climber
-isteused for human beings, denotes adherents of a doctrine or those occupied in certain professionsateiste 
atheist
dentiste   
dentist
sientiiste 
scientist
-ismedenotes doctrineateisme 
atheism
kapitalisme   
capitalism
sosialisme 
socialism
-ieredenotes a person or thing characterized by a certain object or considered as its bearerpomiere 
apple tree
kandeliere   
candle holder
milioniere 
millionnaire
-ariedenotes recipient of an action, the person for whom something is destinedsendarie 
addressee
pagarie   
payee
mandatarie
mandate holder
-iadenotes the domain, province or country of someoneAnglia 
England
filosofia   
philosophy
printeria 
printing office
-toriedenotes place where something is doneobservatorie 
observatory
dormitorie   
dormitory
promenatorie 
promenade
-ajedenotes something made of, consisting of, having the character oflanaje 
woolen goods
lignaje   
woodwork
subtilaje 
(a) subtlety
-ededenotes quantity which fills somethingkulierede 
spoonful
manuede   
handful
bokede 
mouthful
-arodenotes a collection, group, or set of thingshomaro 
mankind
vortaro   
vocabulary
aristokrataro 
aristocracy
-idedenotes descendantAtreide 
son of Atreus
regide   
person of royal blood
Napoleonide 
descendant of Napoleon
-yunedenotes young onebovyune 
calf
hanyune   
chick
katyune 
kitten
Verbali sufixes
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-iradenotes living beings acting asprofetira
to prophesy
rivalira
to rival
rebelira
to rebel
-isa
-ifika
to make into, transform into, renderjustifika
to justify
rektifika
to rectify
modernisa
to modernize
-isato provide with, supply with, cover witharmisa
to arm
harmonisa
to harmonize
spisa
to spice
-adadenotes repeated or continuous actionfrapada
to go on beating
kantada
to keep on singing
parlada
to keep on speaking
-eskadenotes the beginning of an action or statedormieska
to fall asleep
videska
to perceive
paleska
to turn pale
Adjektivali sufixes
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-aldenotes relating to
– before this suffix any final vowel of the word is dropped except-u which is retained
universal
universal
national
national
sexual
sexual
-andenotes inhabiting or belonging to a class or partyitalian
Italian
urban
urban
akademian
academic
-aridenotes agreeing with or fit forreglari
regular
populari
popular
ordinari
ordinary
-osidenotes having, especially in large quantityporosi
porous
kurajosi
courageous
danjerosi
dangerous
-isidenotes a very high degreegrandisi
enormous
varmisi
hot
belisi
gorgeous
-iv(i)denotes doing naturally or capable of doinginstruktiv
instructive
sugestiv
suggestive
atraktiv
attractive
-asidenotes having the tendency or inclination todisputasi
quarrelsome
laborasi
hard-working
atakasi
combative
-blidenotes what is susceptible to the verb (English-ble)lektebli
readable
explikabli
explicable
audibli
audible
-endidenotes that must be
– any final-a or-e of the verb is dropped; any final-u and-i of the verb remains
lektendi
that must be read
faendi
compulsory
soluendi
that must be solved, to be solved
-indidenotes that deserves to be
– any final-a or-e of the verb is dropped; any final-u and-i of the verb remains
lektindi
that is worth reading
fidindi
trustworthy
preferindi
preferable
Generali sufixes
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-et-diminutive suffixriverete
brook
varmeti
lukewarm
rideta
to smile
-on-denotes greatness, quantitypluvono
heavy rain
ridona
to guffaw
ridono
guffaw
-ach-denotes contemptkavalacha
nag
jurnalacharo
the gutter press
kriacha
to shriek
Nombrali sufixes
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-antiforms tensduanti
twenty
trianti
thirty
otanti
eighty
-oforms nouns from numeralsduo
duo
trio
trio
dekduo
dozen
-esmiforms ordinal numbersunesmi
first
duantesmi
twentieth
sentesmi
hundredth
-imeforms fractionsduime
a half
sixime
a sixth
sentime
a hundredth
-oplimultiplying suffixduopli
double
triopli
triple
multopli
multiple
-opimforms distributive adverbstriopim
in threes
pokopim
little by little
gutopim
in drops
Adverbial Sufixes
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-tem(fromtemp) denotes timenultem
never
irgitem
any time, no matter when
ultem
ever, any time
-foydenotes time in repetition, occasiondufoy
twice
altrifoy
another time, on another occasion
kelkifoy
sometimes
-lokdenotes placeomnilok
everywhere
nulilok
nowhere
altrilok
somewhere else
-kas(fromkasu) denotes caseomnikas
in every case
irgikas
anyway, in any case when
tikas
in that case
-graddenotes degreealtigrad
to a high degree
kelkigrad
to some extent, fairly
pokigrad
to a small extent, slightly
-man(frommanere) denotes manneromniman
in every way
altriman
in another way, differently
samiman
in the same way
-m(from-man-) forms adverbsprivatim
privately
seperatim
separately
spesialim
specially

Partikles

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Prepositiones

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Korelatives

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questiondemonstrationindefiniteuniversalitynegation
personque (-o, -a)te (-o, -a)kelke (-o, -a)omnesnule (-o, -a)
thingquutukelkuomnus/omnesnulu
qualityqualitali
placequilok/vortilok/darkelkilokomniloknulilok
timequitem/quandtitem/tandkelkitemomnitem/semprenulitem
amountquantutantukelkuomnunulu
methodquiman/qualim/qualimantiman/talim/talimankelkimanomnimannuliman
reasonquireztirezkelkirezomnireznulirez
ownershipquen/quunten/tunkelken/kelkunomnen/omnunnulen/nulun

Literature

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Lu non ha exista literature in Novial. Li maxim parte del textus inNovialiste did es debatos pri li lingue.

Otto Jespersen did tradukteLi Empereren novi vestes[5] e on pove trova du chapritres tradukdet deLi Sorsiere de Oz, fat ye 2005[6][7].

Vicente Costalago publisatMikri Antologie li 23 de june 2022.[8]

Kardona Boske did publisa li original rakonteLi Salvera del Oblivied Lingue in li jurnalePosta Mundi 42 in li oktobre 2023[9] e did tradukteLi Asne e li Farmere (Fable da Aesop) inPosta Mundi 43 in li marte 2024[10].

Liste de libres:

  • Novi Ekonomia Sosial, da J. Barral[11]

Vida ankeListe de literature in Novial.

Novialides

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Novialide esed projektes kel efortad plubonisaNovial.

Fro li komense, Novial ha esed kritikat e li kreere e altri ha probad plubonisa li lingue. Ma in li fine disi projectes blid abadonat da sen kreeres.

Kelki novialides es:

Vida anke

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Referenties

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  1. 123"Interlingvistiko: Enkonduko en la sciencon pri planlingvoj". Archived fromthe original on 2021-06-30. Retrieved 2022-06-06. 
  2. Plubonisat novial
  3. Jespersen, Otto (1938)Men labore por un international lingue: 1. Ante li mondemilite, in Novialiste 19
  4. Novial-Informatione
  5. "Li Empereren novi vestes". Archived fromthe original on 2015-09-26. Retrieved 2022-05-28. 
  6. Li Siklone
  7. Li Konsilo kun li Munchkines
  8. Mikri antologie
  9. Vida Posta Mundi 42, p. 10-11
  10. Vide Posta Mundi 43, p. 21-22
  11. "Inter Nos". Archived fromthe original on 2024-06-16. Retrieved 2022-06-21. 

Bibliografia

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  • Auerbach, Siegfried. 1930.Pri nommediati derivatione in li internacional lingues enA Grammatical Miscellany to Otto Jespersen (on his seventiehn birthday) Levin + Munksgaard (Copenhague) / George Allen and Unwin (London).
  • *Jacob, Henry. 1943.Otto Jespersen. His Work for an International Auxiliary Language. International Language (Ido) Society of Great Britain. (en inglés)
  • Jacob, Henry. 1947.Chapter IV Novial (1928) by Otto Jespersen enA Planned Auxiliary Language. (en inglés)
  • Jespersen, Otto. 1928.An International Language. Allen and Unwin, London. (en inglés)
  • Jespersen, Otto. 1930.Novial Lexique. Carl Winter's. Heidelberg. (en inglés)
  • Jespersen, Otto. 1934.Plubonisat novial, en Novialiste N° 1. (en novial)
  • Jespersen, Otto. 1937.Pri reformes in novial, en Novialiste N° 18 diciembre de 1937. (en novial)

Externi linkes

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v · d · m
Novial
LingueNovialHistorieUn International Lingue (1928)Novial Lexike (1930)NovialideKomparo inter Novial e EsperantoKomparo inter Novial e Ido
NovialistesOtto JespersenPer Ahlberg • Valter Ahlstedt •Liste de novialistes
AltriNovialiste


Konstrukteti lingues
International auxiliari lingues:
Adjuvilo ·Esperanto ·Globasa ·Glosa ·Idiom Neutral ·Ido ·Interlingua ·Interlingue (Occidental) ·Interslavum ·Latino sine Flexione ·Lingua Franca Nova ·Neo ·Novial ·Romanica ·Sona ·Volapük
Logikal e filosofikal lingues:
Ceqli ·Ithkuil ·Láadan ·Loglan ·Lojban ·Toki Pona ·Vorlin
Artisti e fiktiv lingues:
Brithenig ·Klingonum ·Lingua Ignota ·Lydnevi ·Quenya ·Sindarin ·Talossanum ·Wenedyk
Retrieved from "https://nov.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novial&oldid=181095"
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