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Photo of Reinier Hesselink

Reinier Hesselink

Phone: 319-273-2261
Address: Dept. of History, University of Northern Iowa, 346 Seerley Hall, Cedar Falls, IA 50614-0701
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Books by Reinier Hesselink

Research paper thumbnail of De gevangenen uit Nambu: een waar geschied verhaal over de VOC in Japan. Zutphen: De Walburgpers, 2000. 256 pp.
De gevangenen uit Nambu: een waar geschied verhaal over de VOC in Japan. Zutphen: De Walburgpers, 2000. 256 pp.
Research paper thumbnail of Orandajin hobaku kara saguru kinseishi. [A History of Early Modern Japan: An Analysis of the Arrest of Ten Dutchmen]. Yamada Kyōiku I’inkai, 1998. XXII, 312 and 35 pp.
Orandajin hobaku kara saguru kinseishi. [A History of Early Modern Japan: An Analysis of the Arrest of Ten Dutchmen]. Yamada Kyōiku I’inkai, 1998. XXII, 312 and 35 pp.
Research paper thumbnail of Twee spiegels op Cambang. Een portret van de Japanners in de negentiende eeuw naar Nederlandse ooggetuigenverslagen. [Two Mirrors on Cambang. The Japanese in Nineteenth Century Dutch Eyewitness Accounts]. Utrecht: H&S Publishers, 1984. 147 pp.
Twee spiegels op Cambang. Een portret van de Japanners in de negentiende eeuw naar Nederlandse ooggetuigenverslagen. [Two Mirrors on Cambang. The Japanese in Nineteenth Century Dutch Eyewitness Accounts]. Utrecht: H&S Publishers, 1984. 147 pp.

Papers by Reinier Hesselink

Research paper thumbnail of Localizing Paradise: Kumano Pilgrimage and the Religious Landscape of Premodern Japan. By D. Max Moerman. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005. 297 pp. $42.50 (cloth)
Localizing Paradise: Kumano Pilgrimage and the Religious Landscape of Premodern Japan. By D. Max Moerman. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005. 297 pp. $42.50 (cloth)
The Journal of Asian Studies, Feb 1, 2008
Research paper thumbnail of HJAS Goto Thome
Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 2024
T he "Nanban Moment" in Japan has recently been defined as "a critical juncture in world history ... moreT he "Nanban Moment" in Japan has recently been defined as "a critical juncture in world history when for the first time all the major urban civilizations became interconnected on a global level. " In its long history, the term nanban 南蛮 (lit. southern barbarian) has seen many different kinds of usage in East Asia, of which, until very recently, a certain degree of prejudice or "othering" has been a constant element.1 Capitalized, it is used here in as neutral a manner as Abstract: Japan's "Nanban Moment" has recently been defined as "a critical juncture in world history when for the first time all the major urban civilizations became interconnected. " These connections were political, economic, religious, literary, linguistic, and artistic in nature. This article presents the life of Gotō Thomé, a shopkeeper from Nagasaki's Uchimachi district, drawing upon different Japanese and European sources. As mayor, he was one of four principal officials of the Inner City. A major silk dealer, he was a leading member of the national silk guild. As elder of the São Paulo parish and member of the Misericordia Brotherhood, he was the main lay spokesman for the Jesuit missionaries. As printer of the Japanese texts generated by the Jesuits, he supported a new literary movement in Japan. Finally, as the likely sponsor of Nanban art, he played an important role in creating the arts and crafts of Japan's Christian experiment.
FIG.1_ Hanging Oratory with Maki-e tif Mother-of-Pearl Inlay (sixteenth century). European painting of the Holy Family by an unknown artist, housed in a Japanese maki-e lacquered, portable shrine made for export and decorated with flowers and birds. In the center of the interior side of the left door we see a cock and a hen of a rare, horned and long-tailed bird species among hanging racemes of wisteria (fuji 2) flowers, five of which are given prominence by being inlaid with mother-of-pearl, while seven others remain less visible because their coloring blends in with that of the leaves of the vines. At the very top, another cock of the same bird species looks down upon the scene in the wisteria, possibly stressing the allegory of a genealogy representing three generations. Source: Portable shrine depicting birds and flowers in maki-e lacquer, Azuchi-Momoyama 2 +- HKLL| period (sixteenth century), height 61.5 cm, width 39.5 cm (closed), depth 5 cm; Collection reference no. Hs, Kyushu National Museum 7L)N F077 AY BR, Dazaifu A324), Japan, https://colbase.nich.go.jp/collection_items/kyuhaku/ Hs?locale=ja. Image courtesy of ColBase: Integrated Collections Database of the National Institutes for Cultural Heritage, Japan.
FIG.2 Detail of Nanban Screen Attributed to Kano Domi Ff £38 (Azuchi- Momoyama period). Upon their arrival in Nagasaki, Portuguese mariners would give thanks for their safe crossing from Macao in one of the city’s churches. This detail depicts one such procession on its way to a church, passing in front of a shop with the sagari fuji (hanging wisteria) motif, the kamon of the Goto family, on its noren curtain. Beside the curtain, a woman with a child in her arms looks outside. The painter to whom this screen is attributed had himself converted to Christianity. Source: Attributed to Kané Domi, Detail of Nanban Folding Screen (right wing, fifth panel, lower half), Azuchi- Momoyama period (1576-1603), wooden lattice covered with paper, gold leaf, polychrome tempera paint, silk, lacquer, copper gilt, 172.8 x 380.8 x 2 cm; Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon, Portugal, http://museudearteantiga.pt/ collections/art-of-the-portuguese-discoveries/namban-folding-screens. Image cour- tesy of Museus e Monumentos de Portugal, E.P.E./Arquico de Documentagao Fotografico; photograph by Luisa Oliveira/José Paulo Ruas.
FIG.3 Detail of Nanban Screen by Kano Naizen jf 2) /\ hi} (late sixteenth or early seventeenth century). This detail of the screen depicts the scene in front of a silk dealer’s shop with the sagari fuji (hanging wisteria) motif, the kamon of the Goto family, on its noren curtain. From beside the curtain, a young woman has stepped outside to observe what is happening in the street. In front of her, we see an old man leaning on a stick with a rosary in his left hand, two barefoot Franciscan friars, and a man in the black cassock of a déjuku |Fil{4i, or servant, of the Jesuit missionaries, also barefoot. To the right, these figures are followed by six Japanese men bearing arms, four with adult hairdos and two with those of adolescents. Source: Kanod Naizen, Detail of Nanban folding screen (right wing, first panel, lower half), Azuchi-Momoyama period (1576-1603), paper with gold background and coloring, 154.5 x 363.2 cm; Kobe City Museum #1" Haz ERYER, Kobe, Japan, https://www.kobecitymuseum.jp/collection/detail sssleace- 365028. Image courtesy of the Kobe City Museum.
Research paper thumbnail of JJS - Hidetada's Last Months
Journal of Japanese Studies, 2024
We are all familiar with the great precision of Japanese historical recordkeeping as well as with... moreWe are all familiar with the great precision of Japanese historical recordkeeping as well as with its peculiarity of recording only the official representation of events. It is not often that we have a chance to look underneath the surface of the official record. However, Dutch sources offer opportunities to do so. In this essay, I use these sources to distill a new date for Tokugawa Hidetada's death, half a year earlier than the one given in all Japanese sources so far. Reexamination of more than six months of entries in the Tokugawa jikki through comparison with Dutch records presents an opportunity to deepen our understanding of their meanings.
Figure |. Hidetada returns from his pilgrimage to Sanno. Unknown artist, circa 1630s. De- tail from the left wing of the Edozu bydbu. Courtesy of the National Museum of Japanese History.
Research paper thumbnail of Heusken, Henry (1832-61)
Heusken, Henry (1832-61)
The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy, May 3, 2018
Research paper thumbnail of Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)
The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy, May 3, 2018
Research paper thumbnail of Inoue Masashige (1585-1661)
Inoue Masashige (1585-1661)
The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy, May 3, 2018
Research paper thumbnail of Memorable Embassies: the secret history of Arnoldus Montanus' Gedenkwaerdige Gesantschappen
Quaerendo, 2002
The Gedenkwaerdige Gesantschappen, published in Dutch in 1669, is the rst major non-Jesuit Europe... moreThe Gedenkwaerdige Gesantschappen, published in Dutch in 1669, is the rst major non-Jesuit European work to deal exclusively with Japan (illus. 1). 1 Although its author, a Protestant Minister, never left Holland and large parts of his book owe much to Jesuit eyewitness accounts, Montanus was the rst to synthesize a Dutch view of Japan, using materials on the country collected by the employees of the Dutch East India Company. 2 So far, however, no one seems to have remarked on the extremely odd construction of this book. 3 It is divided into two parts. The rst part, between pages 1 and 283, seems to have been written around a journal, or an extract of one, kept by someone who participated in the Dutch embassy to Japan of 1649-50. The second part, between pages 284 and 456, contains excerpts of three more journals. What is odd about the construction of the book is that the embassy of 1649 was sent in order to thank Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu (1604-51) for his release of ten Dutchmen, who had been arrested in northern Japan in July of 1643. The account of their four-month imprisonment, however, is given in the second part of his book, followed [!] by the Instructions for the embassy of 1649, begging the question why the cause should follow the result. Logically, in the order of their appearance, the arrest occurred rst (A), the Instructions for the embassy followed later (B), and the embassy itself materialized last (C). Thus, one would expect the order of narration to be something like this: A (arrest, 1643) > B 1 The full title of this work is Gedenkwaerdige Gesantschappen der Oost-Indische Maatschappy in't Vereenigde Nederland aan de Kaisaren van Japan [ Memorable Embassies of the Dutch East India Company to the Emperors of Japan]. Amsterdam: Jacob Meurs, 1669. It was translated into English by John Ogilby immediately upon its publication and published as Atlas Japannensis (London 1670). Because my argument is based on the Dutch edition, I will, hereafter, refer to this work as Gedenkwaerdige Gesantschappen [ Memorable Embassies].
Research paper thumbnail of The Day of the Monkey, Japan, 10 July 645
The Historian, Sep 1, 1996
REINIER H. HESSELINK n 10 July 645, the most powerful man in Japan, the Great Minister Soga no 0 ... moreREINIER H. HESSELINK n 10 July 645, the most powerful man in Japan, the Great Minister Soga no 0 Iruka, was murdered before the whole Yamato court. This event, described in the Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan), traditionally has been considered the beginning of a period of reforms that introduced advanced Chinese techniques of government and established the centralized Japanese state during the second half of the seventh century. But while the murder of Iruka represents a turning point in the early history of Japan, the losing side of the Soga clan had in fact gradually been implementing Chinese innovations, including strengthening the central government, for over a hundred years. Close examination of the events surrounding the assassination reveals that political rivalry at the Asuka court between the family of the reigning Okimi (literally, "Great Chief") Toyotakara (642-645) and the Soga and Nakatomi clans was the primary motivation. This study explores the murder and its ramifications in the early Taika period within the context of the newly adopted Chinese calendar and five elements theory of Earth, Metal, Water, Wood, and Fire. Earth, Before Sunrise. It was still dark when Soga no Iruka rose on the 12th day of the 6th month, in the 4th year of the reign of the Okimi Toyotakara (645), the sacred monarch of Yamato. It was the day of the Monkey, the 45th day in the 60-day cycle of the Chinese calendar, which had recently come to be used in Japan. This day was governed by the Earth element under its yang aspect. The element associated with the Monkey was Metal, which was said to grow inside the earth. By convention, it was considered a lucky day for visiting or for setting out on a journey.' The minister's journey on this day would not take him very far; just to the south gate of the Itabuki Palace, about a 20-minute walk from his mansion on Amakashi Hill. The hill may have been dedicated to the Snake God Miwa in ancient times, and is known to have been used for divine judgments requiring an ordeal with poisonous
Research paper thumbnail of The Capitães Mores of the Japan Voyage: A Group Portrait
International Journal of Asian Studies, 2012
Starting from the premise that all empire building involves ideological constructs justifying the... moreStarting from the premise that all empire building involves ideological constructs justifying the violence that accompanies such efforts, this article concentrates on elucidating the case of the Portuguese in Asia, specifically in Japan. Although well beyond the formal Portuguese thalassocracy in Asia, the Japanese islands were exposed for about a century, between 1543 and 1640, to the informal presence of Portuguese traders and missionaries. The symbiotic relationship between these two groups was based on the experience that, in Japan, the trade was difficult to conduct, for violence was always lurking beneath the surface of the trading relationship. We know of several instances when such violence actually exploded into major armed clashes, and many other times violence was narrowly averted through the mediation of the missionaries. Based on original research in the archives of Portugal and Spain, this article analyzes the records that the leaders of the Portuguese who came to Japan in the sixteenth century, the socalled capitães mores, have left behind. Finding that a significant number of these men were or later became members of the Order of Christ or were closely related to such members, it then explores their mindset through a survey of the function of this military order in Portuguese society of the late Middle Ages. The result is a group portrait of thirty-seven men who may be considered a representative sample of the Portuguese leading both the formal and informal empires in Asia. This portrait will clarify why both Japanese and Portuguese authorities agreed, at least during the second half of the sixteenth century, that the Jesuit missionaries were an indispensable presence in Japan.
Research paper thumbnail of An Anti-Christian Register from Nagasaki
Population registers of Japanese cities are rare for the pre-modern period. However, a set of pop... morePopulation registers of Japanese cities are rare for the pre-modern period. However, a set of population registers dating from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries and dealing with Hirado-machi, a ward in the city of Nagasaki, have been preserved by chance. Because of their unique value, these registers have received quite a bit of attention from Japanese scholars, ranging from transcriptions of the original documents to analyses of the data contained in them. In this article, a short introduction mostly based on this research by Japanese scholars precedes a complete translation into English of the most detailed register of the set containing data from 1642. The register shows that by this time overt Christianity had been extirpated throughout the city and that Nagasaki was going through a phase of being a city of apostates.

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