Copper Appearance red-orange metallic luster Standard atomic weight A r ° (Cu)Copper in theperiodic table Group group 11 Period period 4 Block d-block Electron configuration [ Ar ] 3d10 4s1 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 1 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F) Boiling point 2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 8.96 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 8.02 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 13.26 kJ/mol Heat of 300.4 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 24.440 J/(mol·K) pressureP (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1509 1661 1850 2089 2404 2834
Atomic properties Oxidation states साधारण:+2 [ ३] [ ४] [ ५] [ ६] [ ६] [ ६] Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.90 energies Atomic radius empirical:128 pm Covalent radius 132±4 pmVan der Waals radius 140 pmColor lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of copperOther properties Natural occurrence primordial Crystal structure (fcc)Thermal expansion 16.5 µm/(m⋅K) 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 401 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity 16.78 n Ω⋅m 20 °C) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic [ ७] Young's modulus 110–128 GPa Shear modulus 48 GPa Bulk modulus 140 GPa Speed of sound thin rod (annealed) m/s r.t. ) Poisson ratio 0.34 Mohs hardness 3.0 Vickers hardness 369 MPa Brinell hardness 35 HB = 874 MPa CAS Number 7440-50-8 History Discovery Middle East 9000 BC )Symbol "Cu": from Latincuprum Isotopes of copper Template:infobox copper isotopes does not exist Category: Copper references 
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