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Sejarah pascaklasik

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Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.

Karya seni zaman pertengahan yang terkenal, masing-masing mewakili tamadun tertentu. Dari kiri ke kanan:Moai (Polynesia),Machu Picchu (Empayar Inca), topengPakal the Great (tamadun Maya),Book of Kells (Seni Insular),Notre-Dame de Paris (seni bina Gothic Perancis),Basilica San Vitale (seni bina Byzantine),Dome of the Rock (Zaman Keemasan Islam),Masjid Djinguereber (Empayar Mali),Gur-e-Amir (Empayar Timurid),Sutra Berlian (Dinasti Tang),Nataraja (Dinasti Chola), dan potretJayavarman VII diBayon (Empayar Khmer)

Dalamsejarah dunia, sejarah pasca klasik merujuk kepada tempoh dari kira-kira 500 CE hingga 1500 CE, kira-kira sepadan dengan Zaman Pertengahan Eropah. Zaman tersebut dicirikan oleh perluasan tamadun secara geografi dan perkembangan jaringan perdagangan antara tamadun.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[A] Zaman ini juga dipanggil zaman pertengahan, zaman pasca purba, zaman pasca purba, zaman pra-moden, atau zaman pra-moden.

Nota penjelasan

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^Pascaklasik sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan sejarah global yang berlaku pada zaman Zaman Pertengahan Eropah (yang skopnya sepenuhnya berpusatkan Euro). Penggunaan Post-Classical sebagai istilah untuk tempoh itu kadangkala dipertikaikan tetapi masih digunakan dalam kalangan akademik.^[4] Penggunaan 'Sejarah Dunia' Pascaklasik ini tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan tempoh Pascaklasik Mesoamerika.

References

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Petikan

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^Kedar & Wiesner-Hanks 2015.
^The Post‐Classical Era Diarkibkan 31 Oktober 2014 diWayback Machine by Joel Hermansen
^Ralat petik: Tag<ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaweller-stearns
^"Cross-Cultural Interaction and Periodization in World History".The American Historical Review. 1996.doi:10.1086/ahr/101.3.749.ISSN 1937-5239.

Sumber

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Templat:Cite Cambridge History of China
Allsen, Thomas T. (2001).Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-80335-9.
Barraclough, Geoffrey (2003).HarperCollins Atlas of World History. Ann Arbor: Borders Press in association with HarperCollins.ISBN 978-0-681-50288-8.OCLC 56350180.
Bauer, Susan Wise (2010).The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. New York:W. W. Norton & Company.ISBN 978-0-393-05975-5.
Belich, James; Darwin, John; Frenz, Margret; Wickham, Chris, penyunting (2016).The Prospect of Global History. Oxford:Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198732259.001.0001.ISBN 978-0-19-104613-1.OCLC 936040339.Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 October 2022. Dicapai pada18 October 2022.
Berger, Eugene; Israel, George; Miller, Charlotte; Parkinson, Brian; Reeves, Andrew; Williams, Nadejda (2016).World History: Cultures, States and Societies to 1500. Dahlonega:University of North Georgia Press.ISBN 978-1-940771-10-6.OCLC 961216293.
Birken, Lawrence (1992)."What is Western Civilization?".The History Teacher.25 (4): 451–461.doi:10.2307/494353.JSTOR 494353.S2CID 141243435.Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 1 April 2021. Dicapai pada24 January 2020.
Bowman, John S. (2000).Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. New York:Columbia University Press.ISBN 978-0-231-50004-3.
Bulliet, Richard W.; Crossley, Pamela Kyle; Headrick, Daniel R.; Johnson, Steven Hirsch (2014).The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History, Brief Edition. I: To 1550: A Global History. Boston:Cengage Learning.ISBN 978-1-305-14709-6.
Christian, David (2000). "Silk Roads or Steppe Roads? The Silk Roads in World History".Journal of World History.11 (1): 1–26.doi:10.1353/jwh.2000.0004.JSTOR 20078816.S2CID 18008906.
Templat:Cite Cambridge History of China
Haub, Carl (1995)."How Many People Have Ever Lived on Earth?".Population Today.23 (2). Diarkibkan daripadayang asal pada 10 October 2016.
Hermans, Erik, penyunting (2020).A Companion to the Global Early Middle Ages. Yorkshire: Arc Humanities Press.doi:10.2307/j.ctvz0h9cf.ISBN 978-1-942401-76-6.OCLC 1143847601.S2CID 241796784Check|s2cid= value (bantuan).
Holmes, Catherine;Standen, Naomi (November 2018)."Introduction: Towards a Global Middle Ages".Past & Present.238 (13): 1–44.doi:10.1093/pastj/gty030.
Kedar, Benjamin Z.;Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E., penyunting (2015).The Cambridge World History Expanding Webs of Exchange and Conflict, 500 CE–1500 CE. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-511-66748-0.OCLC 1058351091.
Loud, G. A.; Staub, Martial, penyunting (2017).The Making of Medieval History. Woodbridge:York Medieval Press.ISBN 978-1-903153-70-3.OCLC 960462307.
Masood, Ehsan (2009).Science and Islam: A History. London:Icon Books.ISBN 978-1-785-78202-2.
Silverstein, Adam J. (2010).Islamic History: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford:Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-954572-8.
Stearns, Peter N.;Adas, Michael;Schwartz, Stuart B.; Gilbert, Marc Jason (2011).World Civilizations: The Global Experience (ed. 6th). Upper Saddle River:Longman.ISBN 978-0-13-136020-4.
Thompson, John M.; O'Toole, Dan; Patrick, Bethanne; Pruneski, Lauren; Thompson, Tiffin (2009).The Medieval World: An Illustrated Atlas. Washington:National Geographic Society.ISBN 978-1-4262-0533-0.Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 31 October 2021. Dicapai pada19 November 2020.
Vidal-Nanquet, Pierre (1987).The Harper Atlas of World History. New York:Harper & Row Publishers.
Chronicle of World History. Old Saybrook: Konecky & Konecky. 2008.ISBN 978-1-56852-680-5.OCLC 298782520.
Times Books (1998),Harper Collins Atlas of World History, New York:HarperCollins,ISBN 978-0-7230-1025-8,OCLC 41347894

Bacaan Lanjut

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Borgolte, Michael (2022).Die Welten des Mittelalters: Globalgeschichte eines Jahrtausends [The Worlds of the Middle Ages: Global History of a Millennium] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Munich:C.H. Beck.ISBN 978-3-406-78446-0.

Pautan luar

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Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan:Sejarah pascaklasik.

Freemanpedia – a graphical representation of the Post-classical era.
Silk Road Seattle – a rich selection of primary sources on the Silk Road and interactions between different cultures in Post-classical times.

Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_pascaklasik&oldid=6119509"

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