Lukisan gua ialahseni berupalukisan yang dijumpai di dinding dan lelangitgua terutamanya yang dikaji terhasil dari petempatan manusia zamanprasejarah ataupaleolitik. Lukisan-lukisan sebegini sering dihasilkan dengan bentuk kesan tangan yang disembur atau disemperutkanpigmen mahupun bentuk geometrik yang ringkas.[1] Sesetengah teori memegang bahawa lukisan gua mungkin merupakan cara komunikasi dengan yang lain, sementara teori dianggap bertujuan agama atau upacara.
^M. Aubert et al., "Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia",Nature volume 514, pages 223–227 (09 October 2014)."using uranium-series dating of coralloid speleothems directly associated with 12 human hand stencils and two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at least compatible in age with the oldest European art. The earliest dated image from Maros, with a minimum age of 39.9 kyr, is now the oldest known hand stencil in the world. In addition, a painting of ababirusa (‘pig-deer’) made at least 35.4 kyr ago is among the earliest dated figurative depictions worldwide, if not the earliest one. Among the implications, it can now be demonstrated that humans were producing rock art by ∼40 kyr ago at opposite ends of the Pleistocene Eurasian world."