a Etnis Arab indak buliah disamoan jo etnis non-Arab nan samo-samo panduduak asali dari dunia Arab.[55] b Indak sadonyo urang Arab adolah Muslim jo indak sadonyo Muslim adolah urang Arab. Saurang Arab dapek sajo mamaluak agamo tatantu atau indak baagamo. cIdentitas Arab didefinisikan sacaro tapisah dari identitas agamo.
Namo Arab patamo kali tasabuik pado patangahan abaik kasambilan Sabalun Masihi, sabagai banso nan manatap di sabalah timur jo selatan joSuriah inggo ka bagian utaraJazirah Arabia.[59] Urang-urang Arab maso itu agaknyo barado di bawah kakuasoan (manjadivasal) karajaanAsyiria Baru (911–612 SM), sarato karajaan-karajaan salanjuiknyo sarupoBabilonia Baru (626–539 SM),Akhamenia (539–332 SM),Seleukia, joParthia.[60] Karajaan-karajaan Arab, nan paliang tanamo iolah Bani Ghassan jo Bani Lakhm, muloi muncua di bagian selatanGurun Suriah pado patangahan abaik katigo Masihi jo sataruihnyo, yaitu di maso-maso patangahan inggo akia dari pamarentahan kakaisaranRomawi joSassania.[61]
Sabalun muloi tasebanyo banso Arab pado masoKhulafaur Rasyidin (632-661 M), istilah "Arab" marujuak kapado satiok banso Semitik nan masiah nomadik atau nan alah manatap di wilayahJazirah Arabia,Gurun Suriah, sarato bagian utara jo ilia lambahMesopotamia.[62] Kini ko, nan disabuik "Arab" alah maliputi jumalah gadang panduduak asali nan iduik di babagai nagara di dunia Arab, dek alah tajadi papindahan banso jobahaso Arab ka wilayah nan labiah laweh pado maso awa panaklukan Muslim di abaik ka-7 jo ka-8, nan balanjuik jo prosesArabisasi kapado para panduduak satampek.[63] Urang-urang Arab mandirian kakhalifahan-kakhalifahanRasyidah,Umayyah,Abbasiyyah joFathimiyyah, nan bateh-batehnyo mancapai selatanParancih di barat, diCino di timur,Anatolia di utara, joSudan di selatan. Iko salah satu karajaan darek tagadang dalam sijarah.[64] Di awa abaik ka-20,Parang Dunia Patamo manandoi runtuahnyoKasultanan Usmaniyyah, nan alah manguasoi sabagian gadang dunia Arab satalah manaklukkanKasultanan Mamluk pado 1517.[65] Puncaknyo adolah kakalahan jo pambubaran Kasultanan Usmaniyyah, lalu tabagi-bagi bakeh wilayahnyo manjadi nagara-nagara Arab moderen.[66] Manyusul balakunyoProtokol Aleksandria pado 1944, mako batagaklahLiga Arab pado 22 Maret 1945.[67]Piagam Liga Arab mandukuang prinsip tanah aia Arab, namun tatok maakui kadaulatan nagara-nagara anggotanyo.[68]
Banso Arab alah banyak mampangaruahi jo manyumbang dalam babagai bidang, tarutamo seni jo arsitektur, bahaso,pilsapaik, mitologi,etika, sastra, politik, bisnis, musik, tari, bioskop, kedokteran, sains jo teknologi[75] sapanjang sijarah kuno jo modern paradaban manusia.
↑(UNHCR), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees."UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response".UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dariversi asli tanggal 5 March 2018. Diakses tanggal22 January 2018.Parameter|url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
↑"Las mil y una historias" (dalam bahasa Spanish). semana.com. 2004.Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)There is an estimated population of 1,500,000 Arabs in Colombia.
↑"Iran". Diarsipkan dariversi asli tanggal 3 February 2012. Diakses tanggal3 August 2013.Parameter|url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
↑"Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit"(PDF).Statistisches Bundesamt (dalam bahasa German). 20 June 2017. Diakses tanggal11 March 2018.Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑Anthony McRoy."The British Arab". National Association of British Arabs. Diarsipkan dariversi asli tanggal 3 January 2015. Diakses tanggal17 April 2012.Parameter|url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
↑"revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ANQE/article/viewFile/ANQE9797110057A/3864".Tidak memiliki atau membutuhkan|url= (bantuan)
↑"The Arabs of Honduras". Saudi Aramco World. Diarsipkan dariversi asli tanggal 9 October 2014. Diakses tanggal8 April 2014.Parameter|url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
12Frishkopf,edited by Michael(2010).Music and media in the Arab world(edisi ke-1st).Cairo:The American University in Cairo Press.ISBN978-9774162930.
↑Bureš,Jaroslav(2008).Main characteristic and development trends of migration in the Arab world.Prague:Institute of International Relations.ISBN978-8086506715.
"Arab people".Encyclopædia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggris).
Grant,Christina Phelps(2003).The Syrian desert: caravans, travel and exploration.Hoboken:Taylor and Francis.ISBN978-1136192715.
"The Nomadic Tribes of Arabia".Boundless (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2 October 2016. Diarsipkan dariversi asli tanggal 21 December 2016. Diakses tanggal12 December 2016.Parameter|url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
Ruthven,Albert Hourani; with a new afterword by Malise(2010).A history of the Arab peoples(edisi ke-1st Harvard Press pbk.).Cambridge, Mass.:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.ISBN978-0674058194.
"Untitled Document".people.umass.edu. Diarsipkan dariversi asli tanggal 3 September 2016.Parameter|url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
Bernard Ellis Lewis;Buntzie Ellis Churchill(2008).Islam: The Religion and the People.Pearson Prentice Hall.p.137.https://www.google.com/books?id=IVyMAvW9slYC&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q&f=false.Diakses pado 21 Agustus 2017."At the time of the Prophet's birth and mission, the Arabic language was more or less confined to Arabia, a land of deserts, sprinkled with oases. Surrounding it on land on every side were the two rival empires of Persia and Byzantium. The countries of what now make up the Arab world were divided between the two of them—Iraq under Persian rule, Syria, Palestine, and North Africa part of the Byzantine Empire. They spoke a variety of different languages and were for the most part Christians, with some Jewish minorities. Their Arabization and Islamization took place with the vast expansion of Islam in the decades and centuries following the death of the Prophet in 632 CE. The Aramaic language, once dominant in the Fertile Crescent, survives in only a few remote villages and in the rituals of the Eastern churches. Coptic, the language of Christian Egypt before the Arab conquest, has been entirely replaced by Arabic except in the church liturgy. Some earlier languages have survived, notably Kurdish in Southwest Asia and Berber in North Africa, but Arabic, in one form or another, has in effect become the language of everyday speech as well as of government, commerce, and culture in what has come to be known as "the Arab world.""
L.,Rogan, Eugene(1 January 2004).Frontiers of the state in the late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850–1921.Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-0521892230.OCLC826413749.
Schsenwald, William L. "The Vilayet of Syria, 1901–1914: A Re-Examination of Diplomatic Documents As Sources." Middle East Journal (1968), Vol 22, No. 1, Winter: p. 73.
El-Shamy,Hasan M.(1995).Folk traditions of the Arab world: a guide to motif classification(edisi ke-1. [Dr.].).Bloomington u.a.:Indiana Univ. Press.ISBN978-0253352224.
Studies in the History of the Near East – Page 28 113627331X P.M. Holt – 2013 "He held the post until his death in 1624 and was succeeded by his former pupil, James Golius (1596–1667). Erpenius and Golius made outstanding contributions to the development of Arabic studies by their teaching, their preparation of texts, ..."
↑The Brazilian and Lebanese governments claim 7 million Lebanese, with 4 million Syrians. A 2008 study done byIGBE covering the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paolo, Rio Grande de Sol, Mato Grosso, and Disitro Federal showed that 0.9% or 2 million white Brazilians claimed any Middle Eastern ancestry[6]
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