Bumi adolahplanet katigo darimatohari, dan marupoan planet nan tapadek jo gadang nan ka limo dari salapan planet ditata surya. Inyo ko juo tamasuak paliang gadang dari nan ampek buah planet terrestrial. Bumi ko dirujuak juo sabagaidunia, planet biru,[20] atau namolatinnyo,Terra.[note 6]
Urang cadiak pandai kini lah mampu marekonstruksi ulang maklumat rinci tantang maso lalu planet ko. Penanggalan awal tabantuaknyo sistem surya ko4.5672 ± 0.0006 billion taun lalu,[26] atau 4.54 billion tahun lalu (1% indak pasti)[22] the Earth and the other planets in the Solar System had formed out of thesolar nebula—a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun. This assembly of the Earth through accretion was thus largely completed within 10–20 million years.[27] Initiallymolten, the outer layer of the planet Earth cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed shortly thereafter,4.53 billion years ago.[28]
↑All astronomical quantities vary, bothsecularly andperiodically. The quantities given are the values at the instant J2000.0 of the secular variation, ignoring all periodic variations.
↑abaphelion =a × (1 +e); perihelion =a × (1 -e), wherea is the semi-major axis ande is the eccentricity.
↑The reference lists the longitude of the ascending node as -11.26064°, which is equivalent to 348.73936° by the fact that any angle is equal to itself plus 360°.
↑The reference lists thelongitude of perihelion, which is the sum of the longitude of the ascending node and the argument of perihelion. That is, 114.20783° + (-11.26064°) = 102.94719°.
↑Due to natural fluctuations, ambiguities surroundingice shelves, and mapping conventions forvertical datums, exact values for land and ocean coverage are not meaningful. Based on data from theVector Map andGlobal LandcoverArchived 2015-03-26 diWayback Machine. datasets, extreme values for coverage of lakes and streams are 0.6% and 1.0% of the Earth's surface. The ice shields ofAntarctica andGreenland are counted as land, even though much of the rock which supports them lies below sea level.
↑ByInternational Astronomical Union convention, the termterra is used only for naming extensive land masses on celestial bodies other than the Earth.Cf.Blue, Jennifer (2007-07-05)."Descriptor Terms (Feature Types)".Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS. Diakses tanggal2007-07-05.
↑abStandish, E. Myles; Williams, James C."Orbital Ephemerides of the Sun, Moon, and Planets"(PDF). International Astronomical Union Commission 4: (Ephemerides). Diarsipkan dariversi asli(PDF) tanggal 2012-02-20. Diakses tanggal2010-04-03.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) See table 8.10.2. Calculation based upon 1 AU = 149,597,870,700(3) m.
↑"World: Lowest Temperature".WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. Diarsipkan dariversi asli tanggal 2010-06-16. Diakses tanggal2010-08-07.
↑Yin, Qingzhu; Jacobsen, S. B.; Yamashita, K.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Télouk, P.; Albarède, F. (2002). "A short timescale for terrestrial planet formation from Hf-W chronometry of meteorites".Nature.418 (6901): 949–952.Bibcode:2002Natur.418..949Y.doi:10.1038/nature00995.PMID12198540.
↑Kleine, Thorsten; Palme, Herbert; Mezger, Klaus; Halliday, Alex N. (2005-11-24). "Hf-W Chronometry of Lunar Metals and the Age and Early Differentiation of the Moon".Science.310 (5754): 1671–1674.Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1671K.doi:10.1126/science.1118842.PMID16308422.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
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