Microsoft PowerPoint

Microsoft PowerPoint

History[]

The original Microsoft Office PowerPoint was developed by Bob Gaskins and software developer Dennis Austin as Presenter for Forethought, Inc., which they later renamed PowerPoint. PowerPoint 1.0 was released in 1987 for the Apple Macintosh. It ran in black and white, generating text-and-graphics pages for overhead transparencies. A new full-color version of PowerPoint shipped a year later, after the first color Macintosh came to market. Microsoft Corporation purchased Forethought and its PowerPoint software product for $14 million on July 31, 1987. In 1990, the firstWindows versions were produced. Since 1990, PowerPoint has been a standard part of theMicrosoft Office suite of applications (except for the Basic Edition). The 2002 version, part of theMicrosoft Office XP Professional suite and also available as a stand-alone product, provided features such as comparing and merging changes in presentations, the ability to defineanimation paths for individual shapes, pyramid/radial/target and Venn diagrams, multiple slide masters, a "task pane" to view and select text and objects on the clipboard, password protection for presentations, automatic "photo album" generation, and the use of "smart tags" allowing people to quickly select the format of text copied into the presentation. Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003 did not differ much from the 2002/XP version. It enhanced collaboration between co-workers and featured "Package for CD", which makes it easy to burn presentations with multimedia content and the viewer on CD-ROM for distribution. It also improved support for graphics and multimedia.Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007, released in November 2006, brought major changes of the user interface and enhanced graphic capabilities.

Operation[]

In PowerPoint, as in most other presentation software, text, graphics, movies, and other objects are positioned on individual pages or "slides". The "slide" analogy is a reference to the slide projector, a device which has become somewhat obsolete due to the use of PowerPoint and other presentation software. Slides can be printed, or (more often) displayed on-screen and navigated through at the command of the presenter. Slides can also form the basis of webcasts. PowerPoint provides two types of movements. Entrance, emphasis, and exit of elements on a slide itself are controlled by what PowerPoint callsCustom Animations. Transitions, on the other hand are movements between slides. These can be animated in a variety of ways. The overall design of a presentation can be controlled with a master slide; and the overall structure, extending to the text on each slide, can be edited using a primitive outliner. Presentations can be saved and run in any of the file formats: the default .ppt (presentation), .pps (PowerPoint Show) or .pot (template). In PowerPoint 2007, the XML-based file formats .pptx, .ppsx, and .potx have been introduced.

Compatibility[]

As Microsoft Office files are often sent from one computer user to another, arguably the most important feature of any presentation software—such as Apple's Keynote, or OpenOffice.org Impress—has become the ability to open Microsoft Office PowerPoint files. However, because of PowerPoint's ability to embed content from other applications through OLE, some kinds of presentations become highly tied to theWindows platform, meaning that even PowerPoint on Mac OS X cannot always successfully open its own files originating in the Windows version. This has led to a movement towards open standards, such as PDF and OASIS OpenDocument.

Cultural effects[]

Supporters & critics generally agree that the ease of use of presentation software can save a lot of time for people who otherwise would have used other types of visual aid—hand-drawn or mechanically typeset slides, blackboards or whiteboards, or overhead projections. Ease of use also encourages those who otherwise would not have used visual aids, or would not have given a presentation at all, to make presentations. As PowerPoint's style,animation, and multimedia abilities have become more sophisticated, and as PowerPoint has become generally easier to produce presentations with (even to the point of having an "AutoContent Wizard" suggesting a structure for a presentation—initially started as a joke by the Microsoft engineers but later included as a serious feature in the 1990s), the difference in needs and desires of presenters and audiences has become more noticeable.

Criticism[]

One major source of criticism of PowerPoint comes from Yale professor of statistics and graphic design Edward Tufte, who criticizes many emergent properties of the software: It is used to guide and reassure a presenter, rather than to enlighten the audience; Unhelpfully simplistic tables and charts, resulting from the low resolution of computer displays; The outliner causing ideas to be arranged in an unnecessarily deep hierarchy, itself subverted by the need to restate the hierarchy on each slide; Enforcement of the audience's linear progression through that hierarchy (whereas with handouts, readers could browse and relate items at their leisure); Poor typography and chart layout, from presenters who are poor designers and who use poorly designed templates and default settings; Simplistic thinking, from ideas being squashed into bulleted lists, and stories with beginning, middle, and end being turned into a collection of disparate, loosely disguised points. This may present a kind of image of objectivity and neutrality that people associate with science, technology, and "bullet points". Tufte's criticism of the use of PowerPoint has extended to its use by NASA engineers in the events leading to the Columbia disaster. Tufte's analysis of a representative NASA PowerPoint slide is included in a full page sidebar entitled "Engineering by View-graphs" in Volume 1 of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board's report.

Versions[]

Versions forMac OS include:

• 1987 PowerPoint 1.0 for Mac OS classic
• 1988 PowerPoint 2.0 for Mac OS classic
• 1992 PowerPoint 3.0 for Mac OS classic (Office 3.0)
• 1994 PowerPoint 4.0 for Mac OS classic (Office 4.2 for Macintosh)
• 1998 PowerPoint 98 (8.0) for Mac OS classic (Office 98 Macintosh Edition)
• 2000 PowerPoint 2001 (9.0) for Mac OS X (Office 2001 for Mac)
• 2002 PowerPoint v. X (10.0) for Mac OS X (Office v. X)
• 2004 PowerPoint 2004 (11.0) for Mac OS X (Office 2004 for Mac)
• 2008 PowerPoint 2008 (12.0) for Mac OS X (Office 2008 for Mac)
• 2010 PowerPoint 2011 (14.0) for Mac OS X (Office for Mac 2011)
• 2015 PowerPoint 2016 (16.0) for Mac OS X (Office 2016 for Mac)
• 2018 PowerPoint 2019 (16.0) for macOS (Office 2019 for Mac)
• 2021 PowerPoint 2021 (16.0) for macOS (Office 2021 for Mac)

Note: There is no PowerPoint 5.0 , 6.0 or 7.0 for Mac. There is no version 5.0 or 6.0 because the Windows 95 version was launched with Word 7. All of the Office 95 products have OLE 2 capacity - moving data automatically from various programs - and PowerPoint 7 shows that it was contemporary with Word 7. There wasn't any version 7.0 made for mac to coincide with neither version 7.0 for windows nor PowerPoint 97.

Versions forMicrosoft Windows include:

• 1990 PowerPoint 2 for Windows 3.0
• 1992 PowerPoint 3 for Windows 3.1 (Office 3.0)
• 1993 PowerPoint 4 (Office 4.x)
• 1995 PowerPoint for Windows 95 (version 7) (Office 95)
• 1997 PowerPoint 97 (version 8) (Office 97)
• 1999 PowerPoint 2000 (version 9) (Office 2000)
• 2001 PowerPoint 2002 (version 10) (Office XP)
• 2003 PowerPoint 2003 (version 11) (Office 2003)
• 2007 PowerPoint 2007 (version 12) (Office 2007)
• 2010 PowerPoint 2010 (version 14) (Office 2010)
• 2012 PowerPoint 2013 (version 15) (Office 2013)
• 2015 PowerPoint 2016 (version 16) (Office 2016)
• 2018 PowerPoint 2019 (version 16) (Office 2019)
• 2021 PowerPoint 2021 (version 16) (Office 2021)

Note: There is no PowerPoint versions 5.0 or 6.0, because theWindows 95 version was launched with Word 7.0. All of the Office 95 products have OLE 2 capacity - moving data automatically from various programs - and PowerPoint 7.0 shows that it was contemporary with Word 7.0.

File formats[]

Binary (1987-2007)[]

Early versions of PowerPoint, from 1985 through 1995 (versions 1.0 through 7.0), evolved through a sequence of binary file formats, different in each version, as functionality was added. This set of formats was never documented, but an open sourcelibmwaw' (used by LibreOffice) exists to read them.

A stable binary format (called a .ppt file, like all earlier binary formats) that was shared as the default in PowerPoint 97 through PowerPoint 2003 for Windows, and PowerPoint 98 through PowerPoint 2004 for Mac (that is, versions 8.0 through 11.0) was finally created. It was based on theCompound File Binary Format. The specification document is actively maintained and can be freely downloaded because, although no longer the default, that binary format can be read and written by some later versions of PowerPoint, including PowerPoint 2016. After the stable binary format was adopted, versions of PowerPoint continued to be able to read and write differing file formats from earlier versions. Beginning with PowerPoint 2007 and PowerPoint 2008 for Mac (version 12.0), this was the only binary format available for saving; PowerPoint 2007 (version 12.0) no longer supported saving to binary file formats used earlier than PowerPoint 97 (version 8.0), ten years before.

The ".pps" and ".ppsx" file extensions are technically the same as the ".ppt" and ".pptx", except that they are launched as presentations instead of for editing by default.

Office Open XML (since 2007)[]

The big change in PowerPoint 2007 and PowerPoint 2008 for Mac (PowerPoint version 12.0) was that the stable binary file format of 97–2003 was replaced as the default by a new zippedXML-basedOffice Open XML format (.pptx files). Microsoft's explanation of the benefits of the change included: smaller file sizes, up to 75% smaller than comparable binary documents; security, through being able to identify and exclude executable macros and personal data; less chance of being corrupted than binary formats; and easier interoperability for exchanging data among Microsoft and other business applications, all while maintaining backward compatibility.

See also[]

• PowerPoint animation

External links[]

• Microsoft PowerPoint atMicrosoft 365
• Microsoft PowerPoint at Wikipedia

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