| Creative Commons 4.0 upgrade |
Проекты Викимедиа используютсвободные авторские лицензии, такие как Creative Commons, чтобы позволить людям сотрудничать и распространять свои фотографии, тексты и многое другое. Лицензии Creative Commons позволяют авторам предоставлять всем разрешение на использование своих оригинальных произведений при соблюдении стандартного набора положений и условий. Цель этой заметки — сопроводитьтекущее обсуждение по поводу обновления лицензии по умолчанию для Викимедиа с Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported доCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International.
Under thelicensing policy (March 2007), text and media on the Wikimedia projects are available under a free culture license or compatible terms. When the Wikimedia projects were created, the content was made available under theGNU Free Document License. In 2009, thedefault license was migrated to CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported. Under theWikimedia Terms of Use, each user agrees to release their contributions under this license. The amendment under consideration will change the default license in the Wikimedia Terms of Use from CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported to CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Creative Commons 4.0 is similar to the version 3.0 of the license. It includes the same generalattribution and sharealike requirements, and adds a few additional modifications.
For more detailed information, Creative Commons has published in-depthguidance on the new license with a detailedWhat's new in 4.0 explanation,
For the Wikimedia projects, the differences in the licenses fall into two general areas:
There are some additional legal changes to the license:
If you have questions about additional changes and their consequence for Wikimedia, you can join the discussionhere.
After the Terms are amended, text changes and new additions will be licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (for projects other than Wikidata). Given the collaborative nature of the Wikimedia projects, changes will often include a mixture of new additions as well as text that was previously added by other users, including text that was contributed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Under Section 4(b) in the3.0 version of the license, adaptations may be released under the new version of the license:
You may Distribute or Publicly Perform an Adaptation only under the terms of: (i) this License; (ii)a later version of this License with the same License Elements as this License; (iii) a Creative Commons jurisdiction license (either this or a later license version) that contains the same License Elements as this License (e.g., Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 US)); (iv) a Creative Commons Compatible License.(Emphasis added)
This allows people to submit contributions under the terms of a later version of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. In other words,CC BY-SA 3.0 is compatible with CC BY-SA 4.0 and later versions of the same license. After the Terms of Use are modified to use version 4.0, an article may be used under the 4.0 version of the license according to theattribution requirements in the Wikimedia Terms of Use.
The proposed amendment to the Terms of Use waives potential database rights (where applicable) covered by CC BY-SA 4.0 to keep barriers low when sharing information.
In some jurisdictions, creators of a database may have certain rights that extend beyond copyright. When a database includes material that is protectable by copyright, both the 3.0 and 4.0 versions of the license already allow people to use this material. The update in the 4.0 version of the license additionally provides permission to use material that is not eligible for copyright protection, but is eligible for protection as part of a database. Creative Commons sought to clarify that the licenses apply todatabase rights:
In particular, the fact thatsui generis database rights arenot explicitly covered by the 3.0 unported licenses has led to confusion in jurisdictions that recognize those rights. Version 4.0 removes any doubt,pulling applicable sui generis rights squarely within the scope of the license unless explicitly excluded by the licensor. It alsoallows database providers to use the CC licenses to explicitly license those rights.
There are somenoteworthy distinctions between database rights and copyright:
Since Wikipedia contributors come from around the world, waiving database rights will ensure that the rights in Wikimedia content are internationally consistent and consistent with Wikipedia's past rights in contributions under version 3.0 of the license. Additionally, it will avoidpotential difficulties when complying with terms like attribution and sharealike that do not clearly fit database terms.
Ultimately, we believe that the copyright licenses used by the Wikimedia projects should empower as many users as possible to easily collaborate by sharing knowledge. Upgrading to Creative Commons 4.0 will provide benefits to both creators and re-users by making the license terms easy to understand and more globally accessible.