Trastuzumab deruxtecan, sold under the brand nameEnhertu, is a medication used to treatbreast cancer andgastric or gastroesophagealadenocarcinoma.^[1][2] Specifically it is used forHER2 positive disease.^[1][2] It is given by gradual injection into a vein.^[3]

Common side effects include nausea, tiredness, hair loss,constipation,low red blood cells,low white blood cells,low platelets, and headache.^[3] Other side effects may includelow potassium,arrhythmias,interstitial lung disease, and liver problems.^[3] Use in pregnancy may harm the baby.^[4] It is themonoclonal antibodytrastuzumab linked to thetopoisomerase I inhibitorderuxtecan.^[3] Trastuzumab binds toepidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) while deruxtecan blocks a cell's ability to makeDNA.^[3]

Trastuzumab deruxtecan was approved for medical use in the United States in 2019,^[1] Japan in 2020,^[7] Europe and Australia in 2021.^[3][4] In the United Kingdom it costs theNHS about £1,450 as of 2021 for 100 mg.^[8] This amount in the United States is about 2,500 USD.^[9]

Medical uses

Trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki is indicated for the treatment of adults with unresectable (unable to be removed with surgery) or metastatic (when cancer cells spread to other parts of the body) HER2-positive breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting and for adults with locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have received a prior trastuzumab-based regimen.^[10][2]

Side effects

The most common side effects are nausea, fatigue, vomiting, alopecia (hair loss), constipation, decreased appetite, anemia (hemoglobin in blood is below the reference range), decreased neutrophil count (white blood cells that help lead your body's immune system response to fight infection), diarrhea, leukopenia (other white blood cells that help the immune system), cough and decreased platelet count (component of blood whose function is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot).^[10]

The prescribing information for fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki includes aboxed warning to advise health care professionals and patients about the risk ofinterstitial lung disease (a group of lung conditions that causes scarring of lung tissues) and embryo-fetal toxicity.^[10] Interstitial lung disease andpneumonitis, including cases resulting in death, have been reported with fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki.^[10]

History

The U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki in December 2019.^[10][11] The application for fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki was grantedaccelerated approval,fast track designation, andbreakthrough therapy designation.^[10]

The FDA approved fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki based on the results of one clinical trial enrolling 184 female patients with HER2-positive, unresectable and/or metastatic breast cancer who had received two or more prior anti-HER2 therapies in the metastatic setting.^[10] These patients were heavily pretreated in the metastatic setting, receiving between two and 17 therapies prior to receiving fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki.^[10] Patients in the clinical trial received fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki every three weeks and tumor imaging was obtained every six weeks.^[10] The overall response rate was 60.3%, which reflects the percentage of patients who had a certain amount of tumor shrinkage with a median duration of response of 14.8 months.^[10]

The FDA granted the approval of Enhertu toDaiichi Sankyo.^[10]

On 10 December 2020, theCommittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of theEuropean Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a conditional marketing authorization for the medicinal product Enhertu, intended for the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer.^[12][13] Enhertu was reviewed under EMA's accelerated assessment program. The applicant for this medicinal product is Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH. Trastuzumab deruxtecan was approved for medical use in the European Union in January 2021.^[3][6]

In 2021, the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for the treatment of adults with locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal (GEJ) adenocarcinoma who have received a prior trastuzumab-based regimen.^[2][14]

Efficacy was evaluated in a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial (DESTINY-Gastric01, NCT03329690) in participants with HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma who had progressed on at least two prior regimens, including trastuzumab, a fluoropyrimidine- and a platinum-containing chemotherapy.^[2] A total of 188 participants were randomized (2:1) to receive fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki 6.4 mg/kg intravenously every three weeks or physician’s choice of either irinotecan or paclitaxel monotherapy.^[2]

References

External links

• "Trastuzumab_deruxtecan".Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved23 October 2021.
• DeruxtecanArchived 23 December 2019 at theWayback Machine shows structure
• Iwata TN, Sugihara K, Wada T, et al. (October 2019)."[Fam-] trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201a)-induced antitumor immunity is facilitated by the anti-CTLA-4 antibody in a mouse model".PLOS ONE.14 (10): e0222280.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222280.PMC 6772042.PMID 31574081.
• Modi S, Saura C, Yamashita T, et al. (February 2020)."Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Previously Treated HER2-Positive Breast Cancer".N. Engl. J. Med.382 (7): 610–621.doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1914510.PMC 7458671.PMID 31825192.

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