Tinea imbricata

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Tinea imbricata
Other names: Tokelau[1]
Tinea imbricata
SpecialtyInfectious diseases
SymptomsMany red-brown, scaly, itchysmall bumps, which spread to make overlapping rings resembling tiles on a roof[1][2]
Usual onsetChidlhood[1]
CausesTrichophyton concentricum[1]
Risk factorsGenetic predisposition[3] poor hygiene,[2] living in southwest Polynesia, Melanesia, Southeast Asia, India, and Central America.[1]
TreatmentAntifungals[1]
MedicationTerbinafine[1]

Tinea imbricata is a superficialfungal infection of the skin.[1] It typically appears as several itchy red-brown and scalysmall bumps, that spread to make overlapping rings andplaques.[1][2] Eventually it resembles tiles on a roof, lace or scales of fish.[1][2] The itch and discomfort may be worse inHIV.[4]

It is caused byTrichophyton concentricum.[1] There is possibly a genetic predisposition.[3] It occurs in areas of poor hygiene.[5]

The pattern of the rash gives away the diagnosis.[2]Microscopy of skin scrapings may be required.[2] Treatment is preferably withterbinafine.[1]Griseofulvin is another option.[1] Whitfield's cream might help remove scale.[5]

The condition is limited to southwest Polynesia, Melanesia, Southeast Asia, India, and Central America.[1] The name is derived from the Latin for "tiled" (imbricata) since the lesions are often lamellar.[6] It is rare in developed countries.[2]

The condition was first reported in 1686 byWilliam Dampier, the English explorer in the Philippines.[5] It is known inMalay as Kaskado.[7]

Contents

Signs and symptoms

Tinea imbricata appears as several red-brown, scaly, itchysmall bumps, which spread to make overlapping rings and plaques eventually resembling tiles on a roof, lace or scales of fish.[1][2]

  • Tinea imbricata

    Tinea imbricata

Cause and mechanism

The risk of developing tinea imbricata is probably inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.[8][9]

Tinea pseudoimbricata

The term "tinea pseudoimbricata" synonymuos with "tinea indecisiva", was coined to describe a form of tinea mimicking the concentric rings of tinea imbricata, but is caused by local or systemic immunosuppression.[10] Since then, 3 cases ofTrichophyton tonsurans have been associated with it,[11] as well asTrichophyton rubrum which can trigger mycosis fungoides.[12][13]Mixed infections withscabies have been described to produce tinea pseudoimbricata.[14][15]

As of 2015 in India, corticosteroid–antifungal–antibacterial combinations sold asover-the-counter drug have led to an increase in chronic, recurrent, difficult to treat fungal infections of the skin, including tinea pseudoimbricata.[16]

See also

References

  1. ↑1.001.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.081.091.101.111.121.131.14James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020)."15. Diseases resulting from fungi and yeasts".Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Elsevier. p. 296.ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6.Archived from the original on 2023-04-19. Retrieved2023-04-19.
  2. ↑2.02.12.22.32.42.52.62.7Leung, Alexander K. C.; Leong, Kin F.; Lam, Joseph M. (2019)."Tinea Imbricata: An Overview".Current Pediatric Reviews.15 (3): 170–174.doi:10.2174/1573396315666190207151941.ISSN 1875-6336.PMID 30734680.Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved2021-10-06.
  3. ↑3.03.1"Tinea corporis".dermnetnz.org.Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved6 October 2021.
  4. ↑"Tinea Corporis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination".emedicine.medscape.com.Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved6 October 2021.
  5. ↑5.05.15.2Abdulazeem, Al-Bassam Rana; Salem, Al Afari Basmah; Saad, Alsharif Sadeem; Mohamed, Salem Manal Hassan (2019)."A systematic review of diagnosis and treatment options options or tinea imbricata".International Journal of pharma and Bio Sciences.doi:10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2019.9.4.l28-33.Archived from the original on 2021-10-09. Retrieved2021-10-06.
  6. ↑Bonifaz A, Archer-Dubon C, Saúl A (July 2004). "Tinea imbricata or Tokelau".International Journal of Dermatology.43 (7): 506–10.doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02171.x.PMID 15230889.S2CID 45272404.
  7. ↑Henley, David (2005).Fertility, Food and Fever: Population, Economy and Environment in North and Central Sulawesi, 1600-1930. Leiden: KITLV Press. p. 259.ISBN 90-6718-209-5. Archived fromthe original on 2021-10-09. Retrieved2021-10-06.
  8. ↑Serjeantson S, Lawrence G (January 1977). "Autosomal recessive inheritance of susceptibility to tinea imbricata".Lancet.1 (8001): 13–5.doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91653-1.PMID 63655.S2CID 27447510.
  9. ↑Ravine D, Turner KJ, Alpers MP (October 1980)."Genetic inheritance of susceptibility to tinea imbricata".Journal of Medical Genetics.17 (5): 342–8.doi:10.1136/jmg.17.5.342.PMC 1048596.PMID 7218274.
  10. ↑Lim S. P. R., Smith A. G. (2003). "Tinea corporis in a renal transplant recipient mimicking the concentric rings of tinea imbricata".Clinical and Experimental Dermatology.28 (3): 332–3.doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01281.x.PMID 12780732.S2CID 30983522.
  11. ↑Ouchi T1, Nagao K, Hata Y, Otuka T, Inazumi T. Trichophyton tonsurans infection manifesting as multiple concentric annular erythemas. J Dermatol. 2005 Jul;32(7):565-8.
  12. ↑Poonawalla T, Chen W, Duvic M (2006). "Mycosis fungoides with tinea pseudoimbricata owing to Trichophyton rubrum infection".J Cutan Med Surg.10 (1): 52–6.doi:10.1007/7140.2006.00007.PMID 17241575.S2CID 208341303.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ↑Verma S, Hay RJ (2015). "Topical steroid-induced tinea pseudoimbricata: a striking form of tinea incognito".Int J Dermatol.54 (5): e192–3.doi:10.1111/ijd.12734.PMID 25601089.S2CID 31276542.
  14. ↑Poziomczyk CS, Köche B, Becker FL, Dornelles SI, Bonamigo RR. Tinea pseudoimbricata caused by M. gypseum associated to crusted scabies.An Bras Dermatol. 2010 Jul-Aug;85(4):558-9.[English, Portuguese]
  15. ↑Verma S (2017)."Tinea pseudoimbricata".Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology.83 (3): 344–345.doi:10.4103/0378-6323.187686.PMID 27506504.
  16. ↑Bishnoi Anuradha; et al. (2018)."Emergence of recalcitrant dermatophytosis in India".The Lancet Infectious Diseases.18 (3): 250–251.doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30079-3.PMID 29485088.

External links

Classification
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