importmatplotlib.pyplotaspltimportnumpyasnpfrommatplotlib.patchesimportCircle,PathPatchfrommatplotlib.textimportTextPathfrommatplotlib.transformsimportAffine2Dimportmpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3dasart3ddeftext3d(ax,xyz,s,zdir="z",size=None,angle=0,usetex=False,**kwargs):"""    Plots the string *s* on the Axes *ax*, with position *xyz*, size *size*,    and rotation angle *angle*. *zdir* gives the axis which is to be treated as    the third dimension. *usetex* is a boolean indicating whether the string    should be run through a LaTeX subprocess or not.  Any additional keyword    arguments are forwarded to `.transform_path`.    Note: zdir affects the interpretation of xyz.    """x,y,z=xyzifzdir=="y":xy1,z1=(x,z),yelifzdir=="x":xy1,z1=(y,z),xelse:xy1,z1=(x,y),ztext_path=TextPath((0,0),s,size=size,usetex=usetex)trans=Affine2D().rotate(angle).translate(xy1[0],xy1[1])p1=PathPatch(trans.transform_path(text_path),**kwargs)ax.add_patch(p1)art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p1,z=z1,zdir=zdir)fig=plt.figure()ax=fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')# Draw a circle on the x=0 'wall'p=Circle((5,5),3)ax.add_patch(p)art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p,z=0,zdir="x")# Manually label the axestext3d(ax,(4,-2,0),"X-axis",zdir="z",size=.5,usetex=False,ec="none",fc="k")text3d(ax,(12,4,0),"Y-axis",zdir="z",size=.5,usetex=False,angle=np.pi/2,ec="none",fc="k")text3d(ax,(12,10,4),"Z-axis",zdir="y",size=.5,usetex=False,angle=np.pi/2,ec="none",fc="k")# Write a Latex formula on the z=0 'floor'text3d(ax,(1,5,0),r"$\displaystyle G_{\mu\nu} + \Lambda g_{\mu\nu} = "r"\frac{8\pi G}{c^4} T_{\mu\nu}  $",zdir="z",size=1,usetex=True,ec="none",fc="k")ax.set_xlim(0,10)ax.set_ylim(0,10)ax.set_zlim(0,10)plt.show()

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