importmatplotlib.pyplotaspltimportnumpyasnpfrommatplotlib.patchesimportCirclefrommatplotlib.patheffectsimportwithStrokefrommatplotlib.tickerimportAutoMinorLocator,MultipleLocatorroyal_blue=[0,20/256,82/256]# make the figurenp.random.seed(19680801)X=np.linspace(0.5,3.5,100)Y1=3+np.cos(X)Y2=1+np.cos(1+X/0.75)/2Y3=np.random.uniform(Y1,Y2,len(X))fig=plt.figure(figsize=(7.5,7.5))ax=fig.add_axes((0.2,0.17,0.68,0.7),aspect=1)ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1.000))ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(4))ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1.000))ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(4))ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter("{x:.2f}")ax.set_xlim(0,4)ax.set_ylim(0,4)ax.tick_params(which='major',width=1.0,length=10,labelsize=14)ax.tick_params(which='minor',width=1.0,length=5,labelsize=10,labelcolor='0.25')ax.grid(linestyle="--",linewidth=0.5,color='.25',zorder=-10)ax.plot(X,Y1,c='C0',lw=2.5,label="Blue signal",zorder=10)ax.plot(X,Y2,c='C1',lw=2.5,label="Orange signal")ax.plot(X[::3],Y3[::3],linewidth=0,markersize=9,marker='s',markerfacecolor='none',markeredgecolor='C4',markeredgewidth=2.5)ax.set_title("Anatomy of a figure",fontsize=20,verticalalignment='bottom')ax.set_xlabel("x Axis label",fontsize=14)ax.set_ylabel("y Axis label",fontsize=14)ax.legend(loc="upper right",fontsize=14)# Annotate the figuredefannotate(x,y,text,code):# Circle markerc=Circle((x,y),radius=0.15,clip_on=False,zorder=10,linewidth=2.5,edgecolor=royal_blue+[0.6],facecolor='none',path_effects=[withStroke(linewidth=7,foreground='white')])ax.add_artist(c)# use path_effects as a background for the texts# draw the path_effects and the colored text separately so that the# path_effects cannot clip other textsforpath_effectsin[[withStroke(linewidth=7,foreground='white')],[]]:color='white'ifpath_effectselseroyal_blueax.text(x,y-0.2,text,zorder=100,ha='center',va='top',weight='bold',color=color,style='italic',fontfamily='monospace',path_effects=path_effects)color='white'ifpath_effectselse'black'ax.text(x,y-0.33,code,zorder=100,ha='center',va='top',weight='normal',color=color,fontfamily='monospace',fontsize='medium',path_effects=path_effects)annotate(3.5,-0.13,"Minor tick label","ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter")annotate(-0.03,1.0,"Major tick","ax.yaxis.set_major_locator")annotate(0.00,3.75,"Minor tick","ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator")annotate(-0.15,3.00,"Major tick label","ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter")annotate(1.68,-0.39,"xlabel","ax.set_xlabel")annotate(-0.38,1.67,"ylabel","ax.set_ylabel")annotate(1.52,4.15,"Title","ax.set_title")annotate(1.75,2.80,"Line","ax.plot")annotate(2.25,1.54,"Markers","ax.scatter")annotate(3.00,3.00,"Grid","ax.grid")annotate(3.60,3.58,"Legend","ax.legend")annotate(2.5,0.55,"Axes","fig.subplots")annotate(4,4.5,"Figure","plt.figure")annotate(0.65,0.01,"x Axis","ax.xaxis")annotate(0,0.36,"y Axis","ax.yaxis")annotate(4.0,0.7,"Spine","ax.spines")# frame around figurefig.patch.set(linewidth=4,edgecolor='0.5')plt.show()

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