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This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

DESCRIPTION top

Theconnect() function shall attempt to make a connection on a connection-mode socket or to set or reset the peer address of a connectionless-mode socket. The function takes the following arguments:socket Specifies the file descriptor associated with the socket.address Points to asockaddrstructure containing the peer address. The length and format of the address depend on the address family of the socket.address_len Specifies the length of thesockaddrstructure pointed to by theaddress argument. If the socket has not already been bound to a local address,connect() shall bind it to an address which, unless the socket's address family is AF_UNIX, is an unused local address. If the initiating socket is not connection-mode, thenconnect() shall set the socket's peer address, and no connection is made. For SOCK_DGRAM sockets, the peer address identifies where all datagrams are sent on subsequentsend() functions, and limits the remote sender for subsequentrecv() functions. If thesa_family member ofaddress is AF_UNSPEC, the socket's peer address shall be reset. Note that despite no connection being made, the term ``connected'' is used to describe a connectionless-mode socket for which a peer address has been set. If the initiating socket is connection-mode, thenconnect() shall attempt to establish a connection to the address specified by theaddress argument. If the connection cannot be established immediately and O_NONBLOCK is not set for the file descriptor for the socket,connect() shall block for up to an unspecified timeout interval until the connection is established. If the timeout interval expires before the connection is established,connect() shall fail and the connection attempt shall be aborted. Ifconnect() is interrupted by a signal that is caught while blocked waiting to establish a connection,connect() shall fail and seterrno to[EINTR], but the connection request shall not be aborted, and the connection shall be established asynchronously. If the connection cannot be established immediately and O_NONBLOCK is set for the file descriptor for the socket,connect() shall fail and seterrno to[EINPROGRESS], but the connection request shall not be aborted, and the connection shall be established asynchronously. Subsequent calls toconnect() for the same socket, before the connection is established, shall fail and seterrno to[EALREADY]. When the connection has been established asynchronously,pselect(),select(), andpoll() shall indicate that the file descriptor for the socket is ready for writing. The socket in use may require the process to have appropriate privileges to use theconnect() function.

ERRORS top

Theconnect() function shall fail if:EADDRNOTAVAIL The specified address is not available from the local machine.EAFNOSUPPORT The specified address is not a valid address for the address family of the specified socket.EALREADY A connection request is already in progress for the specified socket.EBADFThesocket argument is not a valid file descriptor.ECONNREFUSED The target address was not listening for connections or refused the connection request.EINPROGRESS O_NONBLOCK is set for the file descriptor for the socket and the connection cannot be immediately established; the connection shall be established asynchronously.EINTRThe attempt to establish a connection was interrupted by delivery of a signal that was caught; the connection shall be established asynchronously.EISCONN The specified socket is connection-mode and is already connected.ENETUNREACH No route to the network is present.ENOTSOCK Thesocket argument does not refer to a socket.EPROTOTYPE The specified address has a different type than the socket bound to the specified peer address.ETIMEDOUT The attempt to connect timed out before a connection was made. If the address family of the socket is AF_UNIX, thenconnect() shall fail if:EIOAn I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.ELOOPA loop exists in symbolic links encountered during resolution of the pathname inaddress.ENAMETOOLONG The length of a component of a pathname is longer than {NAME_MAX}.ENOENTA component of the pathname does not name an existing file or the pathname is an empty string.ENOTDIR A component of the path prefix of the pathname inaddress names an existing file that is neither a directory nor a symbolic link to a directory, or the pathname inaddress contains at least one non-<slash> character and ends with one or more trailing <slash> characters and the last pathname component names an existing file that is neither a directory nor a symbolic link to a directory. Theconnect() function may fail if:EACCESSearch permission is denied for a component of the path prefix; or write access to the named socket is denied.EADDRINUSE Attempt to establish a connection that uses addresses that are already in use.ECONNRESET Remote host reset the connection request.EHOSTUNREACH The destination host cannot be reached (probably because the host is down or a remote router cannot reach it).EINVALTheaddress_len argument is not a valid length for the address family; or invalid address family in thesockaddr structure.ELOOPMore than {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were encountered during resolution of the pathname inaddress.ENAMETOOLONG The length of a pathname exceeds {PATH_MAX}, or pathname resolution of a symbolic link produced an intermediate result with a length that exceeds {PATH_MAX}.ENETDOWN The local network interface used to reach the destination is down.ENOBUFS No buffer space is available.EOPNOTSUPP The socket is listening and cannot be connected.The following sections are informative.

Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online athttp://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html . Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to man page format. To report such errors, seehttps://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .IEEE/The Open Group 2017CONNECT(3P)