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How to effectively use exception

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So far I have understood one rule of thumb about exceptions:"Catch as few of them as possible in the inner blocks of theprogram. The uncaught exceptions will creep up to the upperblocks until, at one level, it will be caught by the code thatknow how to handle it. The main block should catch all therest and act accordingly.There are two things that I seek advice on:First, should we use exceptions whenever possible? For example,should a smallish function that do some testing return 1/0 toindicate success/failure or should it raise ValueError if thetest fails? Is the try-except-else style more Pythonic/recommended than the if-else-then style? If not, what are theconsiderations to balance the two?Second, when do we create our own specific Exception classes,and when do we just use the existing standard Exception (I useValueError in a lot of my methods & functions, accompanied bythe specific message string. So far I haven't faced with theneed to create a custom Exception class).Lastly, can someone recommend some readings on this matter?Thanks, and a happy easter holiday to everybody,Steve

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