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In the U.S., the issue of gun related violence in schools has received substantial media and legislative attention. Concerns about increasing gun-related violence in and around schools led lawmakers to enact The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, which made it a federal crime to possess a firearm within 1,000 feet of a school. In 1994, two additional pieces of significant legislation were enacted, (1) the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act (SDFSCA) which was initially written into law as Subtitle B of the Title IV Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and (2) the Gun-Free Schools Act (GFSA). The SDFSCA was a reauthorization of the Drug-Free Schools and Community Act (DFSCA) and added authorization for violence prevention. This act provides funding for states to provide education, early intervention, mentoring, rehabilitation, or referral to community services for at-risk students or professional development and training for school personnel.
Under the GFSA, all schools from each...
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Suggested Reading
Advancement Project/Civil Rights Project. (2000).Opportunities suspended: The devastating consequences of zero tolerance and school discipline. Cambridge, MA: Advancement Project/Civil Rights Project.
Koch, K. (2000). Zero tolerance: Is mandatory punishment in schools unfair?Congressional Quarterly Researcher, 10, 185–208.
Skiba, R., & Rausch, M. K. (2006). School disciplinary systems: Alternatives to suspension and expulsion. In Bear, George G., Minke, Kathleen M. (Eds.),Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention (pp. 87–102). Washington, D.C.: National Association of School Psychologists.
Tobin, T., Sugai, G., & Colvin, G. (1996). Patterns in middle school discipline records.Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4, 82–94.
U.S. Department of Education and Justice. (2003). Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2003. Available athttp://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid = 2004004
Suggested Resources
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS)—www.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/Policy/IDEA/ Discipline_qa.doc: The mission of the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services is to improve results and outcomes for all people with disabilities of all ages.
Office of Safe and Drug Free Schools—http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osdfs/programs.html: The mission of the Office of Safe and Drug Free Schools is to create safe schools, respond to crises, drug abuse and violence prevention, ensure the health and well being of students and promote the development of good character and citizenship.Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice—http://cecp.air.org/school_violence.asp: The mission of the Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice is to support and promote a reoriented national preparedness to foster the development and the adjustment of children with or at risk of developing serious emotional disturbance.
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Authors and Affiliations
Graduate School of Education, Department of Educational Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Teresa P Clark
Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A.
John S Carlson
- Teresa P Clark
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- John S Carlson
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Editors and Affiliations
Department of Educational Psychology, The State University of New Jersey, Rutgers, U.S.A.
Caroline S. Clauss-Ehlers Ph.D. (Associate Professor of Counseling Psychology) (Associate Professor of Counseling Psychology)
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Clark, T.P., Carlson, J.S. (2010). Gun-Free School Zones. In: Clauss-Ehlers, C.S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71799-9_189
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