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Phonocardiographic Signal Analysis Method Using a Modified Hidden Markov Model

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Abstract

Auscultation is an important diagnostic indicator for cardiovascular analysis. Heart sound classification and analysis play an important role in the auscultative diagnosis. This study uses a combination of Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) and hidden Markov model (HMM) to efficiently extract the features for pre-processed heart sound cycles for the purpose of classification. A system was developed for the interpretation of heart sounds acquired by phonocardiography using pattern recognition. The task of feature extraction was performed using three methods: time-domain feature, short-time Fourier transforms (STFT) and MFCC. The performances of these feature extraction methods were then compared. The results demonstrated that the proposed method using MFCC yielded improved interpretative information. Following the feature extraction, an automatic classification process was performed using HMM. Satisfactory classification results (sensitivity ≥0.952; specificity ≥0.953) were achieved for normal subjects and those with various murmur characteristics. These results were based on 1398 datasets obtained from 41 recruited subjects and downloaded from a public domain. Constituents characteristics of heart sounds were also evaluated using the proposed system. The findings herein suggest that the described system may have the potential to be used to assist doctors for a more objective diagnosis.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Research Techno Plaza, 6th Storey, XFrontiers Block, Singapore, 637553, Singapore

    Ping Wang, Chu Sing Lim & Jong Yong A. Foo

  2. School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 16 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637722, Singapore

    Chu Sing Lim

  3. School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Sunita Chauhan

  4. Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Block 1 Level 2 Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore

    Venkataraman Anantharaman

Authors
  1. Ping Wang
  2. Chu Sing Lim
  3. Sunita Chauhan
  4. Jong Yong A. Foo
  5. Venkataraman Anantharaman

Corresponding author

Correspondence toJong Yong A. Foo.

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Wang, P., Lim, C.S., Chauhan, S.et al. Phonocardiographic Signal Analysis Method Using a Modified Hidden Markov Model.Ann Biomed Eng35, 367–374 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-006-9232-3

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