Within the realm of problem solving, mathematical modeling is an essential process preceding the application of artificial intelligence (AI) or computational methods. This chapter delves into this powerful tool to transform real-world challenges into mathematical constructs. It introduces the key components of problem definition, variable notation, and objective function formulation. By offering a step-by-step breakdown of the modeling process, learners will gain insight into how to structure problems as equations and languages that computers can understand. Illustrative examples underscore the principles of problem modeling and encoding. By actively engaging in problem-solving exercises, learners will sharpen their skills to translate reality into mathematics, crafting precise and effective models for analytical and computational endeavors. Whether optimizing business processes, engineering solutions, or creating strategies, this chapter equips learners with the artistry of problem modeling as a cornerstone of intelligent decision-making.

Authors and Affiliations

1. Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

   Wei Weng

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Correspondence toWei Weng.

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