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Mathematics and Technology at the University of Tartu

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Part of the book series:History of Mechanism and Machine Science ((HMMS,volume 27))

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Abstract

In the nineteenth century the University of Tartu was among the leading universities in Europe. The story of its success started with the reopening of the university in 1802 as a result of the efforts of Georges Frédéric Parrot. Due to Parrot’s personal connections, the university managed to employ several outstanding personalities, mostly mathematicians, astronomers and natural scientists, whose works enabled development of a number of mathematical tools in close connection with their practical applications. Those applications benefited astronomy most directly. For this reason our focus is on the achievements of Wilhelm Struve. At the same time, we relate an amazing episode that had already happened in the history of the university during the late seventeenth century.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    While compiling the translation of the paragraph into English, the original footnotes where changed into parentheses in the text by Ülo Lumiste and Helmut Piirimäe; the abbreviation “curr.” means “curriculum”. The data on applied curricula in use appeared in Rauch (Rauch1943, p 456). In this connection G. von Rauch’s note that he had translated the quotation concerning the year 1699 from Latin, i.e. from the original, is misleading. At the same time he shows the corresponding curriculum only via (Backmeister1764), which is provided with a German translation, most probably not a very exact one, because Dimberg could have hardly used in the original the term “higher mathematics”, which came into use only later. Actually, the quotation under discussion is the first sentence of the curriculum of 1697/1698 and a free paraphrase of the little that we know about 1698/1699. Later this transferred also to the years 1695–1696, creating some confusion over the issue.

  2. 2.

    Programmata Regiae Academiae Dorpatensis & Pernavienses 1653–1709. Catalogi Praelecionum Acad. Dorpat & Pernav. 1690–1707. Library of Uppsala University. Catalogued under the call number: Univ. progr. Ryssland. (Translation into English by Ülo Lumiste and Helmut Piirimäe).

  3. 3.

    Riksarkivet, Livonica II 469. (Translation into English by Ülo Lumiste and Helmut Piirimäe).

  4. 4.

    Newton, I. Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica. London, 1726—the last edition that appeared during Newton’s lifetime. There is a new edition with addenda and comments: Newton, I. Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica. Reprint of the third edition (1726) with variant readings. Vol. I, II. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1972.

  5. 5.

    There is a tendency to accuse Dimberg of the inaccurate use of the word “hypotheses” in its present-day sense. Newton used his famous sentence Hypotheses non fingo in the last general explanation to the second edition of the Principia (1713). It is important to note that from here one could conclude that by the time Dimberg had not fully understood the contents of the third book of the Principia.

  6. 6.

    Minutes of the Consistory of the University of Tartu for 1690–1709. Department of Manuscripts and Rarities, Library of the University of Tartu, stock 7, entries 24–28.

  7. 7.

    Riksarkivet. Livonica II 469.

  8. 8.

    Riksarkivet. Livonica II 460. Letter of Charles XII to the University of Tartu, June 6, 1692.

  9. 9.

    Gauss Library 1370, with a personal dedication from Struve: “Dem Herrn Professor Gauβ hochachtungsvoll, der Verfasser”.

  10. 10.

    Struve’s letter to Gauss from November 11 (October 30), 1821.

  11. 11.

    Stadtarchiv Braunschweig, shelfmark G IX 21. 44 Nr. 7.

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Acknowledgements

The current paper was written thanks to the support from the Estonian Science Foundation Grant No. 9362.

The final version was completed during the author’s Kone Fellowship at the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

    Prof. Peeter Müürsepp

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  1. Prof. Peeter Müürsepp

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Correspondence toPeeter Müürsepp.

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Lille 1 University Science and Technology, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France

    Raffaele Pisano

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Müürsepp, P. (2015). Mathematics and Technology at the University of Tartu. In: Pisano, R. (eds) A Bridge between Conceptual Frameworks. History of Mechanism and Machine Science, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9645-3_16

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