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Wilson in Versailles and the Kurdish Question

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Abstract

This chapter studies the discussions of the Kurdish question during the peace negotiations held in Versailles in 1919, with a particular view to the American position and more specifically the position of Woodrow Wilson.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Şerif Pasha,Memorandum on the Claims of the Kurd People, March 22, 1919, NARA, Microfilms of the Paris Peace Conference, 820 535, Document 867.00/14.

  2. 2.

    Notes from the Supreme Council of the Allies, May 19, 1919.

  3. 3.

    Notes from the Supreme Council of the Allies, May 19, 1919.

  4. 4.

    Notes from the Council of Ten, January 30, 1919.

  5. 5.

    Notes from the Council of Ten, January 30, 1919.

  6. 6.

    Notes from the Council of Ten, February 4, 1919.

  7. 7.

    Notes from the Council of Ten, February 6, 1919.

  8. 8.

    Notes from the Council of Ten, January 30, 1919.

  9. 9.

    Notes from the Council of Ten, February 26, 1919.

  10. 10.

    Notes from the Council of Ten, February 26, 1919.

  11. 11.

    Notes from the Council of Ten, January 30, 1919.

  12. 12.

    It is not entirely clear if the original resolution by Smuts had included “Kurdestan” and Lloyd George dropped it, or if this was a later addition to the list not included in Smuts’ original draft.

  13. 13.

    Notes from the Supreme Council of the Allies, May 17, 1919.

  14. 14.

    Notes from the Supreme Council of the Allies, March 20, 1919.

  15. 15.

    Notes from the Supreme Council of the Allies, May 14, 1919.

  16. 16.

    Notes from the Supreme Council of the Allies, May 17, 1919.

  17. 17.

    Notes from the Supreme Council of the Allies, May 19, 1919.

  18. 18.

    Notes from the Supreme Council of the Allies, May 21, 1919.

  19. 19.

    Notes from the Supreme Council of the Allies, June 25, 1919.

  20. 20.

    Notes from the Supreme Council of the Allies, June 27, 1919.

  21. 21.

    Notes from the Council of Heads of Delegations, August 23, 1919.

  22. 22.

    Personal Diary of William Linn Westermann, Columbia University Libraries, Archival Collections.

  23. 23.

    Sureya Bedir Khan, Telegram, February 8, 1919, NARA, Microfilms of the Paris Peace Conference, 820 536, Document 867.00/82.

  24. 24.

    Şerif Pasha,Notes on the claims of the Kurds, February 6, 1919, NARA, Microfilms of the Paris Peace Conference, 820 536, Document 867.00/79.

  25. 25.

    Şerif Pasha,Memorandum on the Claims of the Kurd People, March 22, 1919, NARA, Microfilms of the Paris Peace Conference, 820 535, Document 867.00/14.

  26. 26.

    From the Diary of Dr. Grayson. Friday, April 25, 1919. The Woodrow Wilson papers, Vol. 58, p. 111.

  27. 27.

    Samuel Edelman, US Vice Consul in Geneva, April 10, 1919, NARA, Microfilms of the Paris Peace Conference, 820 198.

  28. 28.
  29. 29.

    Gabriel Bie Ravndal, Consul-General in Constantinople, October 1, 1918, NARA, Microfilms of the Paris Peace Conference, 820 536, Document 867.00/41.

  30. 30.

    Report of the American Military Mission to Armenia, 1920,https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919v02/d828.

  31. 31.

    Turkish Survey: Recommendations for Political Reconstruction, no date (probably 1918), NARA, Microfilms of the Paris Peace Conference, 1107 30, Inquiry Document 565.

  32. 32.

    Alpheus Newell Andrus,Turkish Survey: The Koords, NARA, Microfilms of the Paris Peace Conference, 1107 2, Inquiry Document 13.

  33. 33.

    Henry H. Riggs,Turkish Survey: The Kurds, NARA, Microfilms of the Paris Peace Conference, 1107 26, Inquiry Document 484.

  34. 34.

    Report of the American Section of the International Commission on Mandates in Turkey. Paris, August 28, 1919,https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv12/d380.

  35. 35.

    Woodrow Wilson, Remarks to Members of the Democratic National Committee, February 28, 1919. The Woodrow Wilson papers, Vol. 55, p. 322.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Moritz A. Mihatsch

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  1. Moritz A. Mihatsch

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Correspondence toMoritz A. Mihatsch.

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lincoln, UK

    Marianna Charountaki

  2. Leicester, UK

    James R. Moore

  3. Dayton, OH, USA

    Liam Anderson

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Mihatsch, M.A. (2025). Wilson in Versailles and the Kurdish Question. In: Charountaki, M., R. Moore, J., Anderson, L. (eds) A Century of State-Making in Iraq. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76029-7_4

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