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Applies to: SQL Server 2016 (13.x) and later versionsAzure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance SQL analytics endpoint in Microsoft Fabric Warehouse in Microsoft Fabric SQL database in Microsoft Fabric

Creates a security policy forrow-level security.

Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Syntax

CREATE SECURITY POLICY [schema_name. ] security_policy_name        { ADD [ FILTER | BLOCK ] } PREDICATE tvf_schema_name.security_predicate_function_name         ( { column_name | expression } [ , ...n] ) ON table_schema_name. table_name          [ <block_dml_operation> ] , [ , ...n]     [ WITH ( STATE = { ON | OFF }  [,] [ SCHEMABINDING = { ON | OFF } ] ) ]      [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] [;]    <block_dml_operation>      [ { AFTER { INSERT | UPDATE } }       | { BEFORE { UPDATE | DELETE } } ]

Arguments

security_policy_name

The name of the security policy. Security policy names must comply with the rules for identifiers and must be unique within the database and to its schema.

schema_name

Is the name of the schema to which the security policy belongs.schema_name is required because of schema binding.

[ FILTER | BLOCK ]

The type of security predicate for the function being bound to the target table.FILTER predicates silently filter the rows that are available to read operations.BLOCK predicates explicitly block write operations that violate the predicate function.

tvf_schema_name.security_predicate_function_name

Is the inline table value function that will be used as a predicate and that will be enforced upon queries against a target table. At most one security predicate can be defined for a particular DML operation against a particular table. The inline table value function must have been created using theSCHEMABINDING option.

{column_name |expression }

A column name or expression used as a parameter for the security predicate function. Any column on the target table can be used. AnExpression can only include constants, built in scalar functions, operators and columns from the target table. A column name or expression needs to be specified for each parameter of the function.

table_schema_name.table_name

Is the target table to which the security predicate will be applied. Multiple disabled security policies can target a single table for a particular DML operation, but only one can be enabled at any given time.

block_dml_operation

The particular DML operation for which the block predicate will be applied.AFTER specifies that the predicate will be evaluated on the values of the rows after the DML operation was performed (INSERT orUPDATE).BEFORE specifies that the predicate will be evaluated on the values of the rows before the DML operation is performed (UPDATE orDELETE). If no operation is specified, the predicate will apply to all operations.

[ STATE = { ON | OFF } ]

Enables or disables the security policy from enforcing its security predicates against the target tables. If not specified the security policy being created is enabled.

[ SCHEMABINDING = { ON | OFF } ]

Indicates whether all predicate functions in the policy must be created with theSCHEMABINDING option. By default this setting isON and all functions must be created withSCHEMABINDING.

NOT FOR REPLICATION

Indicates that the security policy should not be executed when a replication agent modifies the target object. For more information, seeControl the Behavior of Triggers and Constraints During Synchronization (Replication Transact-SQL Programming).

[table_schema_name. ]table_name

Is the target table to which the security predicate will be applied. Multiple disabled security policies can target a single table, but only one can be enabled at any given time.

Remarks

When using predicate functions with memory-optimized tables, you must includeSCHEMABINDING and use theWITH NATIVE_COMPILATION compilation hint.

Block predicates are evaluated after the corresponding DML operation is executed. Therefore, there is danger that a READ UNCOMMITTED query can see transient values that will be rolled back.

Permissions

Requires the ALTER ANY SECURITY POLICY permission and ALTER permission on the schema.

Additionally the following permissions are required for each predicate that is added:

SELECT and REFERENCES permissions on the function being used as a predicate.
REFERENCES permission on the target table being bound to the policy.
REFERENCES permission on every column from the target table used as arguments.

Examples

The following examples demonstrate the use of theCREATE SECURITY POLICY syntax. For an example of a complete security policy scenario, seeRow-level security.

A. Create a security policy

The following syntax creates a security policy with a filter predicate for thedbo.Customer table, and leaves the security policy disabled.

CREATE SECURITY POLICY [FederatedSecurityPolicy]   ADD FILTER PREDICATE [rls].[fn_securitypredicate]([CustomerId])   ON [dbo].[Customer];

B. Create a policy that affects multiple tables

The following syntax creates a security policy with three filter predicates on three different tables, and enables the security policy.

CREATE SECURITY POLICY [FederatedSecurityPolicy]   ADD FILTER PREDICATE [rls].[fn_securitypredicate1]([CustomerId])       ON [dbo].[Customer],  ADD FILTER PREDICATE [rls].[fn_securitypredicate1]([VendorId])       ON [dbo].[ Vendor],  ADD FILTER PREDICATE [rls].[fn_securitypredicate2]([WingId])       ON [dbo].[Patient]  WITH (STATE = ON);

C. Create a policy with multiple types of security predicates

Adding both a filter predicate and a block predicate to thedbo.Sales table.

CREATE SECURITY POLICY rls.SecPol      ADD FILTER PREDICATE rls.tenantAccessPredicate(TenantId) ON dbo.Sales,      ADD BLOCK PREDICATE rls.tenantAccessPredicate(TenantId) ON dbo.Sales AFTER INSERT;