Mycorrhiza (aGraeco, 'radix fungi')[1] est consociatiosymbiotica, aliquando infirmepathogenica, interfungos etradicesplantae (Kirk et al. 2001). In consociatione mycorrhizosa, fungus radices hospitis plantae intracellulas vel extra cellulas "colonizat." Haec consociatio est gravisvitae soli pars. Mycorrhizae adsunt in 92 centesimis familiarumplantarum et in 80 centesimisspecierum (Wang & Qiu 2006).
Mycorrhizae usitate in ectomycorrhizas et endomycorrhizas dividuntur, greges qui inter se differunt quodhyphae fungorum ectomycorrhizalium singulas in radicecellulas non pervadunt, cum hyphae fungorum endomycorrhizalium vallum cellularem pervadunt etmembranas cellulares invaginant.
Endomycorrhizae sunt variabiles, et in mycorrhizas arbuscularas, ericoidas, arbutoidas, monotropoidas, et orchidaceas dividuntur (Peterson et al. 2004).Mycorrhizae arbusculares sunt mycorrhizae quorum hyphae cellulasplantarum penetrant, structuras aut vesicula (sicut ballonae) aut arbuscula (invaginationes quae ramos porrigunt) gignentes.Hyphae fungorumprotoplastum (interiorem cellulae partem) revera non penetrant, sedmembranam cellularem invaginant. Structura arbusculorum superficialem contactus aream magnopere auget inter hyphas etcytoplasma cellularum ad translationesnutrimentorum inter ea amplicifandas.
↑Verbum ab A. B. Frank ("Über die auf Würzelsymbiose beruhende Ehrnährung gewisser Bäum durch unterirdische Pilze,"Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 3(1885):128–145) excogitatum est.
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Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David, et J. Stalpers.2001.Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi. Editio nona. Wallingford: CAB International.
Li, H., S. E. Smith, R. E. Holloway, Y. Zhu, et F. A. Smith2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to phosphorus uptake by wheat grown in a phosphorus-fixing soil even in the absence of positive growth responses.New Phytol. 172:536–543.
Midgley, D. J., S. M. Chambers, et J. W. G.Cairney.2002. Spatial distribution of fungal endophyte genotypes in a Woollsia pungens (Ericaceae) root system.Australian Journal of Botany 50:559–565.
