Incrementum dominationis caliphati a tempore Mahumenti (color fuscus) usque adCaliphatum Omayadarum (flavus) (661–750).Ultimus calipharumAbd-ul-Mejid II (1923).
Caliphatus (Arabice خلافة, DMG ḫilāfa "successio") est dominatio sive magistratus vel etiamterritoriumCaliphae, id est "successoris" vel "vicarii nuntii Dei" (خليفة رسول الله, ḫalīfat rasūl Allāh). Hac regiminis forma potentiae saecularis spiritalisque in persona caliphae coniunctae sunt. IamMahometi civitas inMedina rationetheocratica constituta est: Auctorreligionis Islamicae et dux religiosus et dominus regionis, qua religio eius praevalebat, erat.
Appellatio caliphae خليفة الله (ḫalīfat Allāh), id est "vicarius Dei" excaliphatu Omayadarum, qui anno661 potentiam consecuti sunt, in usu erat.[1] Cum autem secundumsuram 112 (al-Ichlās)Alcorani nullus homo Deo exaequandus sit - non caput omniumMusulmanorum quidem –, haec caliphati interpretatio multis Musulmanis cum Mahometi doctrina repugnare videtur.
Patricia Crone, Martin Hinds: God's Caliph. Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam. 2003,ISBN 0-521-54111-5.
Bawar Bammarny: The Caliphate State in Theory and Practice. In: Arab Law Quarterly (Brill). Vol. 31, 2017, No. 2, p. 163–186.
Hamilton A.R. Gibb: Luṭfī-Paşa on the Ottoman Caliphate. In: Oriens. 15, 1962, p. 287–295.
Mikel de Epalza: Fonction du califat dans la communauté islamique: cas d'Al-Andalus. In: Simon Jargy (ed.): Islam communautaire (al-Umma). Concept et réalités. Labor et Fides, Genavae 1984. p. 47–66.
Yves Thoraval, Ludwig Hagemann, Oliver Lellek (ed.): Lexikon der islamischen Kultur. Nikol, Hamburgi 2005,ISBN 3-937872-05-1.
Stefan Heidemann: Das Aleppiner Kalifat (A.D. 1261). Vom Ende des Kalifates in Bagdad über Aleppo zu den Restaurationen in Kairo. Brill, Lugduni Batavorum 1994,ISBN 90-04-10031-8.
Elie Kedourie: Egypt and the Caliphate. In: Kedourie (ed.): The Chatham House Version and other Middle Eastern Studies. Praeger, Novi Eboraci 1970.
Hugh N. Kennedy: The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. 2. ed. Londini 2004.
Hugh N. Kennedy: The Caliphate. A pelican Introduction. Penguin, Londini,ISBN 978-0-14-198140-6.
Hugh N. Kennedy: Das Kalifat. Von Mohammed bis zum «Islamischen Staat». Beck, Monaci 2017,ISBN 978-3-406-71354-5.
Tilman Nagel: Staat und Glaubensgemeinschaft im Islam. Geschichte der politischen Ordnungsvorstellungen der Muslime. 2 volumina. Artemis, Turici/ Monaci 1981,ISBN 3-7608-4529-0 etISBN 3-7608-4531-2.
Janina Safran: The second Umayyad caliphate: the articulation of caliphal legitimacy in al-Andalus. Cantabrigiae, Mass. 2000,ISBN 0-932885-24-1.
Reza Pankhurst: The Inevitable Caliphate? A History of the Struggle for Global Islamic Union, 1924 to the Present. Oxford University Press, Novi Eboraci 2013,ISBN 978-0-19-932799-7.
