Sedes Cairi fere idem est atque civitatis antiquae nomine Babylon[5] Aegypti. Cuius oppidi mentio iam fit inDiodoriBibliotheca Historica (1.56.3), sed fieri potest ut locus iam diu Aegyptiis in usu esset. Fontem nominis nonnulli dicunt essePr-Ḥˁpy-n-Ỉwn "Domus NiliHeliopolitana," quod quidem verisimiliter /pʰħaʕbn̩ˈʔoːn/ audiebatur.
CumArabes Aegyptum anno 641Byzantinorum devincerent, castra Arabis ducisAmr ibn al-As hic posta erant, quae facta sunt urbsFossatum nomine (Arabice الفسطاطal-Fusṭāṭ). Subregibus domuum Arabum, urbsfloruit ut caput terrae. Anno 969,Fatimidi Aegypto potiti sunt et urbem fundaverunt supra Fossatum, principio appellataal-Mansuriyah, at posteaal-Qahirah vel Cairus nominata est.
Saeculis XII et XIII crucesignati in Aegyptum invaserunt. ApudWillelmum Tyrensem inHistoria rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum scriptum est historia brevis Aegypti ab pharaonum tempore usque ad aevum suum. Cairus vel "Cahere" dictus est "egregia metropolis, quae vulgo Babylonia dicitur, lingua vero ArabicaMacer appellatur".[6]
Abu-Lughod, Janet (Iulius1965). "Tale of Two Cities: The Origins of Modern Cairo". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 7. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press
Afaf Lutfi Sayyid-Marsot (1984). Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali (illustrated, reprint ed.). Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-28968-8
Beattie, Andrew (2005). Cairo: A Cultural History (illustrated ed.). Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-517893-9
Butler, Alfred J. (2008). The Arab Conquest of Egypt - And the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion. Portlandiae Oregoniae: Butler Press. ISBN1-4437-2783-0
Byrne, Joseph Patrick (2004). The Black Death (illustrated, annotated ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN0-313-32492-1
Collins, Robert O. (2002). The Nile (illustrated ed.). Portu Novo, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN0-300-09764-6
Daly, M. W.; Petry, Carl F. (1998). The Cambridge History of Egypt: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-47137-0
Glassé, Cyril; Smith, Huston (2003). The New Encyclopedia of Islam (2a, retractata ed.). Singapurae: Tien Wah Press. ISBN0-7591-0190-6
Hawass, Zahi A.; Brock, Lyla Pinch (2003). Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century: Archaeology (2a ed.). Cairi: American University in Cairo. ISBN977-424-674-8
Hourani, Albert Habib; Khoury, Philip Shukry; Wilson, Mary Christina (2004). The Modern Middle East: A Reader (2a ed.). London: I. B. Tauris. ISBN1-86064-963-7
İnalcık, Halil; Faroqhi, Suraiya; Quataert, Donald; McGowan, Bruce; Pamuk, Sevket (1997). An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire (illustrated, reprinted ed.). Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-57455-2
McGregor, Andrew James (2006). A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN0-275-98601-2
Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Novi Eboraci: Taylor & Francis. ISBN0-415-96692-2
Raymond, André (2000). Cairo. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. ISBN0-674-00316-0
Sanders, Paula (2008). Creating Medieval Cairo: Empire, Religion, and Architectural Preservation in Nineteenth-Century Egypt. Cairi: American University in Cairo. ISBN977-416-095-9
Shillington, Kevin (2005). Encyclopedia of African History. Novi Eboraci: Taylor & Francis. ISBN1-57958-453-5
Shoshan, Boaz (2002). David Morgan. ed. Popular Culture in Medieval Cairo. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-89429-8
Sicker, Martin (2001). The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire (illustrated ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN0-275-96891-X
Winter, Michael (1992). Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517-1798. Londinii: Routledge. ISBN0-415-02403-X
Winter, Michael (2004). Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517-1798. Londinii: Routledge. ISBN0-203-16923-9