Tormenta Ricketts Capta. TabulaPrimi Proelii Bull Run, unius ex primis proeliis inBello Civile Americano pugnatis, a Sidney E. King (1906–2004), pictore pro National Park Service anno1964 picta. Oleum in ligno plicato. Henry Hill Visitor Center apud Manassas National Battlefield Park inVirginia.
Bellum civile est contentio magnarum virium, quaeexercitum ordinarium implicare potest, saepe diu sustinetur et ordinatur, atque permultos homines tangit. Bella civilia permultascalamitates adferre et magnas opes consumere possunt.[4]
Secundo bello mundano confecto, bella civilia aliquantulum plus quattuor annos duraverunt, contra annum et dimidium temporis a1900 ad1944. Exempli gratia, in primosaeculi vicesimi dimidio, eodem tempore non erant plus quam quinque bella civilia, sedbello frigido composito, plus quam viginti bella civilia fiebant ante maiorem deminutionem cum finirent certamina quae ex aemulatione nationum praepotentium orta erant. Post1945, bella civilia plus quam 25 milliones hominum interfecerunt, cummigratione compulsa millionum additorum. Praeterea, bella civilia conlapsus effeceruntoeconomiarum:Birmania (Myanmar),Uganda, etAngola sunt exempla civitatum quibus, ut videbatur, erant futura felicia antequam earum bella civilia conflarentur.[5]
123Ann Hironaka,Neverending Wars: The International Community, Weak States, and the Perpetuation of Civil War (Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press, 2005), p. 3,ISBN 0674015320.
Kalyvas, Stathis.2001. "New" and "Old" Civil Wars: A Valid Distinction?World Politics 54(1):99-118.
Kolb, Robert.2001. Le droit international public et le concept de guerre civile depuis 1945.Relations internationales 105 (ver): 9–29.PDF.
Lake, David, et Donald Rothchild, eds.1996.The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.
Licklider, Roy.1995. The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars, 1945–1993.American Political Science Review 89(3):681–690.
Mack, Andrew. .2002. Civil War: Academic Research and the Policy Community.Journal of Peace Research 39(5):515–525.
Mason, David T., et Patrick Fett.1996. How Civil Wars End: A Rational Choice Approach.Journal of Conflict Resolution 40(4):546-568.
Regan, Patrick M.2000.Civil Wars and Foreign Powers: Outside Intervention in Intrastate Conflict.
John, Stephen, et al., eds.2002.Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements.
Toft, Monica Duffy.2003.The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.ISBN 0-691-12383-7.
Walter, Barbara F.2002.Committing to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil Wars. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.