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Huruf Khmer

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Aksara Khmer atawa dilomBahasa Khmerអក្សរខ្មែរ, Âksâr Khmêr (IPA:[ʔaksɑː kʰmae]) joda da salah osay aksara bujenisAbugida say tigunako untuk nuliskoBahasa Khmer di nagaraKamboja.^[1]

Huruf

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Konsonan

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Konsonan	Pocak Subhuruf	Golar/Nilay ponuh (rik vokal usungan)				Nilay Konsonan
Konsonan	Pocak Subhuruf	UNGEGN	GD	ALA-LC	IPA	UNGEGN	GD	ALA-LC	IPA
ក	្ក	kâ	ka	ka	[kɑː]	k	k	k	[k]
ខ	្ខ	khâ	kha	kha	[kʰɑː]	kh	kh	kh	[kʰ]
គ	្គ	kô	ko	ga	[kɔː]	k	k	g	[k]
ឃ	្ឃ	khô	kho	gha	[kʰɔː]	kh	kh	gh	[kʰ]
ង	្ង	ngô	ngo	nga	[ŋɔː]	ng	ng	ng	[ŋ]
ច	្ច	châ	cha	ca	[cɑː]	ch	ch	c	[c]
ឆ	្ឆ	chhâ	chha	cha	[cʰɑː]	chh	chh	ch	[cʰ]
ជ	្ជ	chô	cho	ja	[cɔː]	ch	ch	j	[c]
ឈ	្ឈ	chhô	chho	jha	[cʰɔː]	chh	chh	jh	[cʰ]
ញ	្ញ	nhô	nho	ña	[ɲɔː]	nh	nh	ñ	[ɲ]
ដ	្ដ	dâ	da	ṭa	[ɗɑː]	d	d	ṭ	[ɗ]
ឋ	្ឋ	thâ	tha	ṭha	[tʰɑː]	th	th	ṭh	[tʰ]
ឌ	្ឌ	dô	do	ḍa	[ɗɔː]	d	d	ḍ	[ɗ]
ឍ	្ឍ	thô	tho	ḍha	[tʰɔː]	th	th	ḍh	[tʰ]
ណ	្ណ	nâ	na	ṇa	[nɑː]	n	n	ṇ	[n]
ត	្ត	tâ	ta	ta	[tɑː]	t	t	t	[t]
ថ	្ថ	thâ	tha	tha	[tʰɑː]	th	th	th	[tʰ]
ទ	្ទ	tô	to	da	[tɔː]	t	t	d	[t]
ធ	្ធ	thô	tho	dha	[tʰɔː]	th	th	dh	[tʰ]
ន	្ន	nô	no	na	[nɔː]	n	n	n	[n]
ប	្ប	bâ	ba	pa	[ɓɑː]	b, p	b, p	p	[ɓ],[p]
ផ	្ផ	phâ	pha	pha	[pʰɑː]	ph	ph	ph	[pʰ]
ព	្ព	pô	po	ba	[pɔː]	p	p	b	[p]
ភ	្ភ	phô	pho	bha	[pʰɔː]	ph	ph	bh	[pʰ]
ម	្ម	mô	mo	ma	[mɔː]	m	m	m	[m]
យ	្យ	yô	yo	ya	[jɔː]	y	y	y	[j]
រ	្រ	rô	ro	ra	[rɔː]	r	r	r	[r]
ល	្ល	lô	lo	la	[lɔː]	l	l	l	[l]
វ	្វ	vô	vo	va	[ʋɔː]	v	v	v	[ʋ]
ឝ	្ឝ	Usang; payjana tipakay untuk ngalambangko bunyi palatal, bih tipakay untuk transliterasi BahasaPali atawaSanskerta^[2]
ឞ	្ឞ	Usang; payjana tipakay untuk ngalambangko bunyi retrofleks, bih tipakay untuk transliterasi BahasaPali atawaSanskerta^[2]
ស	្ស	sâ	sa	sa	[sɑː]	s	s	s	[s]
ហ	្ហ	hâ	ha	ha	[hɑː]	h	h	h	[h]
ឡ	Makka^[3]	lâ	la	ḷa	[lɑː]	l	l	ḷ	[l]
អ	្អ	'â	'a	ʿʹa	[ʔɑː]	'	'	ʿʹ	[ʔ]

Konsonan Tambahan	Panjolasan	Nilay ponuh (rik vokal usungan)				Nilay Konsonan				Catatan
Konsonan Tambahan	Panjolasan	UNGEGN	GD	ALA-LC	IPA	UNGEGN	GD	ALA-LC	IPA	Catatan
ហ្គ	hâ +kô	hkâ	hka	hga	[ɡɑː]	hk	hk	hg	[ɡ]	Cuntuh:ហ្គាស‎hkas[ɡaːh] 'gas'; jak lomBahasa Prancisgaz
ហ្គ៊	hâ +kô + diyakritik	hkô	hko	hg′a	[ɡɔː]	hk	hk	hg′	[ɡ]	Cuntuh:ហ្គ៊ារ‎hkéar[giə] 'satasiyun sepur'; jak lom Bahasa Prancisgare
ហ្ន	hâ +nô	hnâ	hna	hna	[nɑː]	hn	hn	hn	[n]	Cuntuh:ហ្នាំង‎/ហ្ន័ង‎hnăng[naŋ] 'wayang kulit' jak lomBahasa Thaiหนังnǎng
ប៉	bâ + diyakritik	pâ	pa	p′′a	[pɑː]	p	p	p′′	[p]	Cuntuh:ប៉ាក់‎păk[pak] 'nyulam',ប៉័ង‎păng[paŋ] 'roti'; jak lom Bahasa Prancispain
ហ្ម	hâ +mô	hmâ	hma	hma	[mɑː]	hm	hm	hm	[m]	Cuntuh:គ្រូហ្ម‎kru hmâ[kruːmɑː] 'dukun'; jak lom Bahasa Thaiหมอmɔ̌ɔ
ហ្ល	hâ +lô	hlâ	hla	hla	[lɑː]	hl	hl	hl	[l]	Cuntuh:ហ្លួង‎hluŏng[luəŋ] 'rajo'; jak lom Bahasa Thaiหลวงlǔuang
ហ្វ	hâ +vô	hvâ	hva	hva	[fɑː],[ʋɑː]	hv	hv	hv	[f],[ʋ]	Tiucakko[ʋ]dilomហ្វង់‎hváng[ʋɑŋ] 'borsih',[f]dilomកាហ្វេ‎kahvé[kaːfeː] 'kopi'; jak lom Bahasa Pranciscafé
ហ្វ៊	hâ +vô + diyakritik	hvô	hvo	hv′a	[fɔː],[ʋɔː]	hv	hv	hv′	[f],[ʋ]	Cuntuh:ហ្វ៊ីល‎hvil[fiːl] 'filom'; jak lom Bahasa Prancisfilm
ហ្ស	hâ +sâ	hsâ	hsa	hsa	[zɑː],[ʒɑː]	hs	hs	hs	[z],[ʒ]	Cuntuh:ហ្សាស‎hsas[ʒaːh] 'jazz'; jak lom Bahasa Prancisjazz,ភីហ្សា‎phihsa[pʰiːzaː] 'pizza'
ហ្ស៊	hâ +sâ + diyakritik	hsô	hso	hs′a	[zɔː],[ʒɔː]	hs	hs	hs′	[z],[ʒ]	Cuntuh:ហ្ស៊ីប‎hsib[ʒiːp] 'jeep'; jak lom Bahasa Prancisjeep,ហ្សឺណេវ‎hsœnév[zəːneːw] 'Jenewa'; jak lom Bahasa PrancisGenève

Vokal

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Vokal posay	IPA	GD	UNGEGN
ឥ	[ʔə],[ʔɨ],[ʔəj]	e	ĕ
ឦ	[ʔəj]	ei	ei
ឧ	[ʔo],[ʔu],[ʔao]	o	ŏ, ŭ
ឨ	Usang, goh-goh da rikឧក^[4]
ឩ	[ʔou],[ʔuː]	ou	not given
ឪ	[ʔəw]	au	âu
ឫ	[rɨ]	rue	rœ̆
ឬ	[rɨː]	rueu	rœ
ឭ	[lɨ]	lue	lœ̆
ឮ	[lɨː]	lueu	lœ
ឯ	[ʔae],[ʔɛː],[ʔeː]	ae	ê
ឰ	[ʔaj]	ai	ai
ឱ,ឲ	[ʔao]	ao	aô
ឳ	[ʔaw]	au	au

^[5]

Vokal Anggantung	Cuntuh	IPA^[1]		GD		UNGEGN		ALA-LC	Catatan
Vokal Anggantung	Cuntuh	Seri a	Seri o	Seri a	Seri o	Seri a	Seri o	ALA-LC	Catatan
(Makka)	អ	[ɑː],[ɒː]dilom pira diyalik	[ɔː]	a	o	â	ô	a	LiyakModifikasi rik Diyakritik rikKonsonan rik mak buvokal anggantung.
ា	អា	[aː]	[iːə]^[6]	a	ea	a	éa	ā	LiyakModifikasi rik Diyakritik អ៊ា, seri o jakា, rada sumang jakៀ.(អ៊ា ~ "udara" vsៀ ~ "cuping")
ិ	អិ	[ə],[e]	[ɨ],[i]	e	i	ĕ	ĭ	i	Pronounced[e]/[i] in syllables with no written final consonant (a glottal stop is then added if the syllable is stressed; however in some words the vowel is silent when final, and in some words in which it is not word-final it is pronounced[əj]). In the o-series, combines with final យyô to sound[iː]. (LiyakModifikasi rik Diyakritik)
ី	អី	[əj]	[iː]	ei	i	ei	i	ī
ឹ	អឹ	[ə]	[ɨ]	oe	ue	œ̆		ẏ
ឺ	អឺ	[əɨ]	[ɨː]	eu	ueu	œ		ȳ
ុ	អុ	[o]	[u]	o	u	ŏ	ŭ	u	LiyakModifikasi rik Diyakritik. In a stressed syllable with no written final consonant, the vowel is followed by a glottal stop[ʔ], or by[k] in the word តុtŏk ("table") (but the vowel is silent when final in certain words).
ូ	អូ	[ou]	[uː]	ou	u	o	u	ū	Becomes[əw]/[ɨw] before a finalវvô.
ួ	អួ	[uə]		uo		uŏ		ua
ើ	អើ	[aə]	[əː]	aeu	eu	aeu	eu	oe	LiyakModifikasi rik Diyakritik
ឿ	អឿ	[ɨə]		oea		œă		ẏa
ៀ	អៀ	[iə]		ie		iĕ		ia
េ	អេ	[ei]	[eː]	e		é		e	Becomes[ə]/[ɨ] before palatals (or in the a-series,[a] before[c] in some words). Pronounced[ae]/[ɛː] in some words. LiyakModifikasi rik Diyakritik
ែ	អែ	[ae]	[ɛː]	ae	eae	ê		ae	LiyakModifikasi rik Diyakritik
ៃ	អៃ	[aj]	[ɨj]	ai	ey	ai	ey	ai
ោ	អោ	[ao]	[oː]	ao	ou	aô	oŭ	o	LiyakModifikasi rik Diyakritik
ៅ	អៅ	[aw]	[ɨw]	au	ov	au	ŏu	au

Kombinasi	IPA		GD		UNGEGN		ALA-LC	Catatan
Kombinasi	Seri a	Seri o	Seri a	Seri o	Seri a	Seri o	ALA-LC	Catatan
អុំ	[om]	[um]	om	um	om	ŭm	uṃ
អំ	[ɑm]	[um]	am	um	âm	um	aṃ	Kataធំthum ("balak") tiucakko[tʰom](tapi[tʰum]dilom pira diyalik).
អាំ	[am]	[ŏəm]	am	oam	ăm	ŏâm	āṃ	Man ditutul bakងngô, jadi[aŋ]/[eəŋ]ăng/eăng.
អះ	[ah]	[ĕəh]	ah	eah	ăh	eăh	aḥ
អិះ	[eh]	[ih]	eh	is	ĕh	ĭh	iḥ
អុះ	[oh]	[uh]	oh	uh	ŏh	ŭh	uḥ
អេះ	[eh]	[ih]	eh		éh		eḥ
អោះ	[ɑh]	[ŭəh]	aoh	uoh	aôh	ŏăh	oaḥ	Kataនោះnŏăh ("ina") panday tiucakko jadi[nuh].

Diyakritik

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Diyakritik	Golar Khmer	Fungsi
ំ	និគ្គហិត‎nĭkkôhĕt	The Paliniggahīta, related to theanusvara. A small circle written over a consonant or a following dependent vowel, itnasalizes the inherent or dependent vowel, with the addition of[m]; long vowels are also shortened. For details seeModification by diacritics.
ះ	រះមុខ‎reăhmŭkh "pudak businar"	Related to thevisarga. A pair of small circles written after a consonant or a following dependent vowel, it modifies and adds finalaspiration/h/ to the inherent or dependent vowel. For details seeModification by diacritics.
ៈ	យុគលពិន្ទុ‎yŭkoălpĭntŭ	A "pair of dots", a fairly recently introduced diacritic, written after a consonant to indicate that it is to be followed by a short vowel and a glottal stop. SeeModification by diacritics.
៉	មូសិកទន្ត‎musĕkâtônd "ipon tikus"	Two short vertical lines, written above a consonant, used to convert some o-series consonants (ង ញ ម យ រ វ) to a-series. It is also used withបbâ to convert it to ap sound (seeSupplementary consonants).
៊	ត្រីស័ព្ទ‎treisăpt	A wavy line, written above a consonant, used to convert some a-series consonants (ស ហ ប អ) to o-series.
ុ	ក្បៀសក្រោម‎kbiĕs kraôm	Also known asបុកជើងbŏk cheung ("collision foot"); a vertical line written under a consonant, used in place of the diacriticstreisăpt andmusĕkâtônd when they would be impeded by superscript vowels.
់	បន្តក់‎bânták	A small vertical line written over the last consonant of a syllable, indicating shortening (and corresponding change in quality) of certain vowels. SeeModification by diacritics.
៌	របាទ‎rôbat រេផៈ‎réphă	This superscript diacritic occurs in Sanskrit loanwords and corresponds to theDevanagari diacriticrepha. It originally represented anr sound (and is romanized asr in the UNGEGN system). Now, in most cases, the consonant above which it appears, and the diacritic itself, are unpronounced. Examples:ធម៌thôrm[tʰɔə] ("dharma"),កាណ៌karn[kaː] (from karṇa),សួគ៌ាsuŏrkéa[suəkiə] ("Svarga").
៍	ទណ្ឌឃាដ‎tôndôkhéad	Written over a final consonant to indicate that it is unpronounced. (Such unpronounced letters are still romanized in the UNGEGN system.)
៎	កាកបាទ‎kakâbat	Also known as a "crow's foot", used in writing to indicate the rising intonation of an exclamation orinterjection; often placed onparticles such as/na/,/nɑː/,/nɛː/,/ʋəːj/, and onចា៎ះ/caːh/, a word for "yes" used by females.
៏	អស្តា‎âsda "numur walu"	Used in a few words to show that aconsonant with no dependent vowel is to be pronounced with its inherent vowel, rather than as a final consonant.
័	សំយោគសញ្ញា‎sâmyoŭk sânhnhéa	Used in some Sanskrit and Pali loanwords (although alternative spellings usually exist); it is written above a consonant to indicate that the syllable contains a particular short vowel; seeModification by diacritics.
៑	វិរាម‎vĭréam	A mostly obsolete diacritic, corresponding to thevirāma, which suppresses a consonant's inherent vowel.

Angka

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Angka Khmer	០	១	២	៣	៤	៥	៦	៧	៨	៩
Angka Arab	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9

Cuntuh Tulisan

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UDHR pasal 1

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មនុស្សទាំងអស់កើតមកមានសេរីភាពនិងភាពស្មើៗគ្នាក្នុងសិទ្ធិ និងសេចក្ដីថ្លៃថ្នូរ ។ មនុស្សគ្រប់រូបសុទ្ធតែមានវិចារណញ្ញាណនិងសតិសម្បជញ្ញៈ ហើយត្រូវប្រព្រឹត្ដចំពោះគ្នាទៅវិញទៅមកក្នុងស្មារតីរាប់អានគ្នាជាបងប្អូន ។

Latin

Mônŭss teăng ás kaeut môk méan sériphéap nĭng phéap smaeu-smaeu knéa knŏng sĕtthĭ, nĭng séchâkdei thlaithnor. Mônŭss krôb rub sŏtth tê méan vĭcharônânhnhéan nĭng sâtĕsâmbâchônhnheă, haeuy trov brâprœ̆tt châmpŏăh knéa tŏu vĭnh tŏu môk knŏng smarôtei roăp an knéa chéa bâng b'on.

IPA

/mɔnuh tĕaŋ ɑh kaət̚ mɔːk̚ miən seːrəjpʰiəp̚ nɨŋ pʰiəp̚ smaəsmaə kniə knoŋ sət̚ nɨŋ seːc̚k̚ɗəj tʰlaj tʰnou. mɔnuh krup̚ ruːp̚ sot̚ tae miən vicaːranaɲiən nɨŋ satəsampacŏəɲɲeaʔ haəj trouʋ prɑprɨt cɑmpŭəh kniə tɨw ʋɨɲ tɨw mɔːk̚ knoŋ smaːrɔːɗəj rŏəp̚ ʔaːn kniə ciə ɓɑːŋ pʔoun/.

Horti

Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.

Rujukan

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↑^1,0^1,1Huffman, Franklin. 1970.Cambodian System of Writing and Beginning Reader.Yale University Press.ISBN 0-300-01314-0.
↑^2,0^2,1"Unicode 12.1 Character Code Charts – Khmer"(PDF).
↑The letterឡlâ has no subscript form in standard orthography, but some fonts include one (្ឡ), as a form to be rendered if the character appears after the Khmer subscripting character (see underUnicode).
↑Official Unicode Consortium code chart for Khmer (PDF)
↑Huffman (1970), p. 29.
↑Jacob, Judith M. (1968).Introduction to Cambodian. Internet Archive. London; Bombay [etc.] :Oxford University Press. pp. 19, 29–30.

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