Odessa ana (46°28′N30°44′E /46.467°N 30.733°E /46.467; 30.733) ing gumuk bertingkat kang madhep pelabuhan cilik ingSegara Ireng ing teluk Odessa, sawatara 31 km (19 mil) lor muarakali Dniester lan sawatara 443 km (275 mil) kiduling ibukuthaUkraina,Kiev. Kainggilan rata-rata ing endi kutha iki papan sawatara 50 meter (160 sikil), dene maksimum 65 meter (213 sikil) lan minimum (ing pantai) sacacah 4,2 meter (13,8 sikil) ing dhuwur permukaan segara.
Odessa nduweni iklim "panas lembab musim panas" (Köppen: dfa). Kutha iki biyasane ngalami musim adem kang garing lan adem, kang relatif entheng menawa dibandhingake karo saperangan gedhe ukraina amarga dheweke kabeh ditandhani dening suhu kang arang mudhun ing ngisor -10°C (14 °F). Musim panas ing sisih liya pancen ngalami peningkatan tingkatCurah Udan, lan kutha iki asring ngalami cuaca anget karo suhu kang asring nggayuh 20an dhuwur lan 30an endhep. Lapisan salju asring entheng utawa lagi, lan layanan kutha arang ngalami masalah kang padha kang asring tinemu ing kutha-kutha liya ingUkraina. Iki saperangan gedhe amarga suhu musim adem kang luwih dhuwur lan lokasi pantai odessa nyegah mudhune salju kang signifikan. saliyane iku kutha iki meh ora tau ngadhepi fenomena pembekuan segara.
| Dhata iklim Odessa (1981–2010) |
|---|
| Sasi | Jan | Fèb | Mar | Apr | Mèi | Jun | Jul | Agu | Sèp | Okt | Nov | Dhès | Taun |
|---|
| Cathetan paling dhuwur °C (°F) | 15.1
(59.2) | 18.6
(65.5) | 24.1
(75.4) | 29.4
(84.9) | 33.3
(91.9) | 35.6
(96.1) | 39.3
(102.7) | 38.0
(100.4) | 32.4
(90.3) | 30.5
(86.9) | 26.0
(78.8) | 16.3
(61.3) | 39.3
(102.7) |
|---|
| Rerata suhu sing dhuwur °C (°F) | 2.2
(36) | 2.7
(36.9) | 6.6
(43.9) | 13.0
(55.4) | 19.5
(67.1) | 24.0
(75.2) | 27.0
(80.6) | 26.5
(79.7) | 21.0
(69.8) | 15.0
(59) | 8.4
(47.1) | 3.7
(38.7) | 14.1
(57.4) |
|---|
| Rerata per dina °C (°F) | −0.5
(31.1) | −0.2
(31.6) | 3.5
(38.3) | 9.4
(48.9) | 15.6
(60.1) | 20.0
(68) | 22.6
(72.7) | 22.3
(72.1) | 17.2
(63) | 11.6
(52.9) | 5.7
(42.3) | 1.1
(34) | 10.7
(51.3) |
|---|
| Rerata suhu sing dhuwur °C (°F) | −2.8
(27) | −2.6
(27.3) | 1.0
(33.8) | 6.6
(43.9) | 12.1
(53.8) | 16.3
(61.3) | 18.5
(65.3) | 18.2
(64.8) | 13.5
(56.3) | 8.6
(47.5) | 3.2
(37.8) | −1.2
(29.8) | 7.6
(45.7) |
|---|
| Cathetan paling asor °C (°F) | −26.2
(−15.2) | −28.0
(−18.4) | −16.0
(3.2) | −5.9
(21.4) | 0.3
(32.5) | 5.2
(41.4) | 7.5
(45.5) | 7.9
(46.2) | −0.8
(30.6) | −13.3
(8.1) | −14.6
(5.7) | −19.6
(−3.3) | −28.0
(−18.4) |
|---|
| Rerata curah udan mm (inches) | 34
(1.34) | 37
(1.46) | 32
(1.26) | 27
(1.06) | 36
(1.42) | 49
(1.93) | 47
(1.85) | 39
(1.54) | 41
(1.61) | 35
(1.38) | 41
(1.61) | 35
(1.38) | 453
(17.83) |
|---|
| Average rainy days | 9 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 10 | 122 |
|---|
| Rerata dina salju | 11 | 10 | 6 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 4 | 9 | 41 |
|---|
| Kalembaban relatif rerata (%) | 83 | 81 | 78 | 74 | 71 | 70 | 66 | 65 | 72 | 77 | 82 | 84 | 75 |
|---|
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 77 | 80 | 125 | 186 | 265 | 291 | 314 | 302 | 240 | 169 | 77 | 57 | 2.183 |
|---|
| Sumber#1: Pogoda.ru[3] |
| Sumber#2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[4] |
| Historical population |
|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|
| 1795 | 2.349 | — |
|---|
| 1800 | 6.000 | +20.63% |
|---|
| 1802 | 9.000 | +22.47% |
|---|
| 1813 | 35.000 | +13.14% |
|---|
| 1829 | 52.000 | +2.51% |
|---|
| 1832 | 60.000 | +4.89% |
|---|
| 1844 | 77.800 | +2.19% |
|---|
| 1858 | 104.200 | +2.11% |
|---|
| 1863 | 118.900 | +2.67% |
|---|
| 1873 | 193.513 | +4.99% |
|---|
| 1880 | 217.000 | +1.65% |
|---|
| 1885 | 240.600 | +2.09% |
|---|
| 1891 | 297.600 | +3.61% |
|---|
| 1897 | 403.815 | +5.22% |
|---|
| 1907 | 449.700 | +1.08% |
|---|
| 1910 | 506.000 | +4.01% |
|---|
| 1912 | 635.000 | +12.02% |
|---|
| 1914 | 481.500 | −12.92% |
|---|
| 1920 | 454.200 | −0.97% |
|---|
| 1925 | 325.354 | −6.45% |
|---|
| 1936 | 534.000 | +4.61% |
|---|
| 1939 | 601.651 | +4.06% |
|---|
| 1956 | 607.000 | +0.05% |
|---|
| 1959 | 667.182 | +3.20% |
|---|
| 1964 | 721.000 | +1.56% |
|---|
| 1970 | 892.000 | +3.61% |
|---|
| 1981 | 1.072.000 | +1.69% |
|---|
| 1989 | 1.115.371 | +0.50% |
|---|
| 1991 | 1.100.700 | −0.66% |
|---|
| 1998 | 1.027.600 | −0.98% |
|---|
| 2001 | 1.029.049 | +0.05% |
|---|
| 2008 | 994.739 | −0.48% |
|---|
| 2013 | 1.014.900 | +0.40% |
|---|
| 2018 | 1.011.494 | −0.07% |
|---|
| 2019 | 1.013.159 | +0.16% |
|---|
| [7][8][9][10] |
Manut sensus taun 2001,Ukraina iku mayoritas (62%) saka pandhudhuk Odessa, bareng karo etnis minoritasRusia (28%).[11]
Ucul saka mayoritasUkraina ing Odessa,basa Rusia yaiku basa kang dominan ing kutha. Ing 2015, basa utama kang digunakake yaikubasa Rusia sawatara 78% saka total populasi ditumuti dening [[basa Ukraina|Ukraina] sagedhe 6%, lan kombinasi kang padha wataraUkraina lanRusia, 15%.[12]
- Rusia: 198,233 manungsa (49.09%)
- Yahudi: 124,511 manungsa (30.83%)
- Ukraina: 37,925 manungsa (9.39%)
- Polandia: 17,395 manungsa (4.31%)
- Jerman: 10,248 manungsa (2.54%)
- Yunani: 5,086 manungsa (1.26%)
- Tatar Krimea: 1,437 manungsa (0.36%)
- Armenia: 1,401 manungsa (0.35%)
- Belarusia: 1,267 manungsa (0.31%)
- Prancis: 1,137 manungsa (0.28%)
- Rusia: 162,789 manungsa (39.97%)
- Yahudi: 153,243 manungsa (36.69%)
- Ukraina: 73,453 manungsa (17.59%)
- Polandia: 10,021 manungsa (2.40%)
- Jerman: 5,522 manungsa (1.32%)
- Belarusia: 2,501 manungsa (0.60%)
- Armenia: 1,843 manungsa (0.44%)
- Yunani: 1,377 manungsa (0.33%)
- Bulgaria: 1,186 manungsa (0.28%)
- Moldova: 1,048 manungsa (0.25%)
- Yahudi: 200,961 manungsa (33.26%)
- Rusia: 186,610 manungsa (30.88%)
- Ukraina: 178,878 manungsa (29.60%)
- Polandia: 8,829 manungsa (1.46%)
- Jerman: 8,424 manungsa (1.39%)
- Bulgaria: 4,967 manungsa (0.82%)
- Moldova: 2,573 manungsa (0.43%)
- Armenia: 2,298 manungsa (0.38%)
- Ukraina: 622,900 manungsa (61.6%)
- Rusia: 292,000 manungsa (29.0%)
- Bulgaria: 13,300 manungsa (1.3%)
- Yahudi: 12,400 manungsa (1.2%)
- Moldova: 7,600 manungsa (0.7%)
- Belarusia: 6,400 manungsa (0.6%)
- Armenia: 4,400 manungsa (0.4%)
- Polandia: 2,100 manungsa (0.2%)
Odessa uga ya iku omah nggo klompok etnis minoritas liyane, kalebuAlbania,Armenia,Azerbaijan,Tatar Krimea,Bulgaria,Georgia,Yunani,Yahudi,Polandia,Romawi,Turki, lan liya-liya. [ 10 ] [ 16 ] Nganti awal 1940-an kutha iki nduweni populasiYahudi kang gedhe. Dadi kasil saka deportasi massal menyang kamp-kamp pemusnahan lawasePerang Donya II, populasiYahudi ing kutha iku mudhun drastis. Wiwiting taun 1970-an, mayoritas populasiYahudi kang kaengah beremigrasi menyangIsrael lan nagara-nagara liya.
