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Sunday, September 24, 2023

How to Count Occurrences of a Character in String - Java Programming Example

Write a program to count the number of occurrences of a character in String is one of the commonprogramming interview questions not just in Java but also in other programming languages like C or C++. As String is a very popular topic in programming interviews and there are a lot of good programming exercises on String like "count number of vowels or consonants inString", "count number of characters in String",How to reverse String in Java using recursion or without usingStringBuffer, etc, it becomes extremely important to have a solid knowledge ofStringin Java or any other programming language. Though, this question is mostly used to test the candidate's coding ability i.e. whether he can convert logic to code or not.

In the interview, most of the time Interviewer will ask you to write a program without using any API method, as Java is very rich and it always some kind of nice method to do the job, But it is also important to know rich Java and open source libraries for writingproduction-quality code.

Anyway, in this question, we will see both API-based and non-API-based (except a few) ways to count the number of occurrences of a character in String on Java.

Also, basic knowledge of essential data structure and algorithms is also very important and that's why I suggest all Java programmers join a comprehensive Data Structure and Algorithms course like Data Structures and Algorithms: Deep Dive Using Java on Udemy to improve their knowledge and algorithms skills.



Java program to count occurrences of a character in String

How to find number of occurence of character or substring in String in JavaIn this Java program, we will see a couple of ways to count, how many times a particular character is present in String. First, we'll see Spring framework’sStringUtils class and itsstatic methodcountOccurrenceOf(String, character) which takes a String and character and returns occurrence of character into that String.

After that, we will see Apache commonsStringUtils class for counting the occurrence of a character in String. Apache commonsStringUtils provide the countMatches() method which can be used to count the occurrence of one character orsubstring.

Finally, we will see the most simple way of counting characters using the standard for loop and Java 5 enhanced for loop. This solution can be extended not just to finding the occurrence of character but also to finding occurrences of a substring.

Btw, if you are solving this question as part of your Java interview preparation, you can also checkCracking the Coding Interview, a collection of 189 programming questions and solutions from various programming job interviews. Your perfect companion for developing coding sense required solving these kinds of problems on interviews. 

How to count occurrence of a character in String


Now, let's see the Java program to count a number of occurrences of any character on String:

import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
/**
 * Java program to count the number of occurrences of any character on String.
 * @author Javin Paul
 */

publicclass CountCharacters{

   publicstaticvoid main(String args[]){
         
       String input ="Today is Monday";//count number of "a" on this String.
     
       //Using Spring framework StringUtils class for finding occurrence of another String
       int count = StringUtils.countOccurrencesOf(input,"a");
     
       System.out.println("count of occurrence of character 'a' on String: "+
               " Today is Monday' using Spring StringUtils " + count);

     
       //Using Apache commons lang StringUtils class
       int number = org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.countMatches(input,"a");
       System.out.println("count of character 'a' on String: 'Today is Monday' using commons StringUtils " + number);
     
       //counting occurrence of character with loop
       int charCount =0;
       for(int i =0; i<input.length(); i++){
           if(input.charAt(i) =='a'){
                charCount++;
           }
       }
       System.out.println("count of character 'a' on String: 'Today is Monday' using for loop  " + charCount);
     
       //a more elegant way of counting the occurrence of a character in String using the foreach loop
     
        charCount =0;//resetting character count
       for(char ch: input.toCharArray()){
           if(ch =='a'){
                charCount++;
           }
       }    
       System.out.println("count of character 'a' on String: 'Today is Monday' using for each loop  " + charCount);
   }
 
       
}

Output
count of occurrence of the character'a' onString:'Today is Monday' usingSpring StringUtils2
count of character'a' onString:'Today is Monday' using commons StringUtils2
count of character'a' onString:'Today is Monday' usingfor loop  2
count of character'a' onString:'Today is Monday' usingfor each loop  2


Well, the beauty of this question is that the Interviewer can twist it in many ways, they can ask you towrite a recursive function to count occurrences of a particular character or they can even ask tocount how many times each character has appeared.

So if a String contains multiple characters and you need to store the count of each character, consider usingHashMap for storing characters as keys and the number of occurrences as value. Though there are other ways of doing it as well I like theHashMap way of counting characters for simplicity.


Otherprogramming exercises for Java programmer

45 comments :

Anonymoussaid...

Collections.frequency() method might be useful in this case.

Unknownsaid...

public class test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str = "ababccbdde";
int i,j,k;
char[] ch = str.toCharArray();
int len=ch.length;
for ( i = 0; i < len; i++) {
int counter = 0;
char c=str.charAt(i);
for ( j = 0; j < len; j++) {
if (c==ch[j]){
counter++;
ch[j]='\u0000';
}
}
if(counter>0)System.out.println(c+"="+counter);

}
}
}

nousheensaid...

package selfpractice.array;

public class DistinctArray2 {

static String str = "sgsgsgsgs";
static String distinct = "";
static char[] charary = str.toCharArray();
static StringBuilder hello = new StringBuilder("");
static char[] tempcharary = new char[charary.length];
static int i;
static int count;
public static char[] getDistinctLetter()
{
int incr = 0;

for ( i = 0; i < charary.length; i++)
{
if (!(DistinctArray2.isletteroccure(charary[i])))
{

tempcharary[incr] = charary[i];
hello.append( tempcharary[incr]);
++incr;


}
}

char[] distinctresult = hello.toString().toCharArray();

for (int j = 0; j < distinctresult.length; j++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < charary.length; k++)
{
if (distinctresult[j] == charary[k])
{
++count;
}

}

System.out.println("LETTER " + tempcharary[j] + " OCCURE " + count + " TIMES ");
count = 0;

}

return tempcharary;

}



public static Boolean isletteroccure(char ch)
{
for (int j = 0; j < charary.length; j++)
{
if (ch == tempcharary[j])
{
return true;
}
}

return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {

DistinctArray2.getDistinctLetter();


}
}

Anonymoussaid...

Program to accept the string from command line and display
1. No. of words in string
2. No. of characters in each word
3. No. of characters in string

public class Str
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int ch=0;
System.out.println("String is = ");
for(int i=0;i<args.length;i++)
{
System.out.println(args[i]);
}
System.out.println("Number of words in the string = "+args.length);
for(int i=0;i<args.length;i++)
{
String s=args[i];
ch=s.length()+ch;
System.out.println("Number of characters in -"+args[i]+"- = "+s.length());
}
System.out.println("No. of characters in string = "+ch);
System.out.println("No. of characters in string with white spaces ="+(ch+(args.length-1)));
}
}

Ramkumar Selvarajsaid...

package String;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Reverse {
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static void main(String[] args) {
int charCount = 0;
System.out.println("Enter the string:");

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
String str = in.nextLine();
for(char ch = 'a' ; ch <= 'z' ; ch++ )
{
for(int i =0 ; i<str.length()-1; i++)
{
if(str.charAt(i) == ch)
{
charCount++;
}
}
if(charCount!=0){
System.out.println(ch+"="+charCount);
charCount=0;
}
}
}
}

ramjanardhansaid...

public class Binary_Octal {

Scanner scan;
int num;

void getVal() {

System.out.println("Binary to Octal");
scan = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("\nEnter the number :");
num = Integer.parseInt(scan.nextLine(), 2);
}

void convert() {

String octal = Integer.toOctalString(num);

System.out.println("Octal Value is : " + octal);
}
}

class MainClass {

public static void main(String args[]) {

Binary_Octal obj = new Binary_Octal();

obj.getVal();
obj.convert();
}
}


Sample Output

Binary to Octal

Enter the number :
1010
Octal Value is : 12

Unknownsaid...

import java.util.Scanner;

public class count {
public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scn = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter String");
String str = scn.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter charcter to know its occurrence");
char c = scn.next().charAt(0);
int count =0;
for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if(ch==c){
count++;
}
}
System.out.println("count is:"+count);
}
}

javin paulsaid...

Hello Vandana, time complexity of your solution is O(n) as it need to iterate through array, can you better it?

Unknownsaid...

Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter some sentence");
String sentence = s.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter word to to follow ");
char word = s.next().charAt(0);
int counter =0;
char[] chars = sentence.toCharArray();

for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
System.out.print("| " + i + " |");
System.out.println(" " + chars[i] + " |");
System.out.println("-------------");
}

for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {

if(sentence.charAt(i) == word){
counter++;
}
}
System.out.println("Word " + word + " appears in sentence " + counter + " times");


s.close();

srikanth patilsaid...

count the no of characters in a string

srikanth patilsaid...

import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;

/* Name of the class has to be "Main" only if the class is public. */
class Ideone
{
public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
{
String s= " hello srikanth";
int count=0;;
for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
{boolean b=Character.isWhitespace(s.charAt(i));


if(b==false)
{
count++;
}
}

System.out.println(count);
}
}

id this fine or not

Anshumansaid...

static int c = 0;

public static void main(String[] args) {
String s = "aabbcfasdgalsgmvxnxbcsasfweasdgkandjkakjgaasdg";
char[] chars = s.toCharArray();
Arrays.sort(chars);
String sortedString = new String(chars);

count(sortedString);
}

public static void count(String str) {
char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
Set set = new HashSet();
for(int i = 0; i < chars.length; i ++) {
set.add(chars[i]);
}
List list = new ArrayList();
for (Character string : set) {
list.add(string);
int occ = StringUtils.countOccurrencesOf(str, string.toString());
System.out.print(string.toString() + occ);
}
}

Matt Ratliffsaid...

Use regular expressions

javin paulsaid...

Hello @Matt, can you please share the regular expression to count occurrence of any character in string, that will help better ..

Unknownsaid...

Hello All, I m a beginner in java . I need to write a program for below:
Given a Sentence , i need to color a sentence using minimum no. of Consonants. Each word in sentence can be colored by a single consonant
ex: Hello How are you?
Minimum no. of consonant to color sentence : 2
i.e using o,e ( o occurs in 3 words: Hello,How ,you & e in are )
therefore answer is 2


Please help

Anonymoussaid...

str.split(c).length() - 1

Saniyasaid...

String s="helppp";
int c=0;
char o=0;

for (int i = 0; i 0)
{
System.out.println("char is repeated "+o+" at "+c+" times");
}
else
{
System.out.println("no char is repeated");
}


Unknownsaid...

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

public class OccurenceofChar {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Occurence occur=new Occurence();
occur.Occurence("Today is Monday", 'o');

}

}
class Occurence{
public static int Occurence(String word, char letter) {
Map map=new HashMap<>();
char c[]=word.toCharArray();
for(Character ch:c) {
if(map.containsKey(ch)) {
map.put(ch,map.get(ch)+1);
}
else {
map.put(ch, 1);
}
}
Set> entryset=map.entrySet();
int occurence=0;
for(Map.Entry entry: entryset) {
if(entry.getKey()==letter) {
occurence=entry.getValue();
}
}
System.out.println(occurence);

return occurence;
}
}

javin paulsaid...

Nice solution, what are the test cases you have thought? Can you explain the Big(O) for space and time?

Ege Demirsoysaid...

Wow surprised no one solved this recursively. Here you go with binary search:

public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = stringCounter("abacaaadeaac");
System.out.println(x);
}


public static int stringCounter(String string){

if(string.length() < 2){
if(string.contains("a")){
return 1;
}
return 0;
}

return stringCounter(string.substring(0,string.length()/2)) + stringCounter(string.substring(string.length()/2));


}
}

javin paulsaid...

Recursive solution is good idea but I guess you need one more parameter to count occurence of a given character, right now you are just counting "a"

Unknownsaid...

import java.util.*;
public class solution {
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
String in=s.nextLine();
char c[]=in.toCharArray();
List b=new ArrayList();
for(char addchar:c)
{
b.add(addchar);
}
int g=0;
int j=0;
for(int i=0;ig)
{
j=i;
g=n;
}
}
System.out.println(c[j]);
}
}

Anonymoussaid...

function run() {

var value = "add something here with many characters";
var array = value.split("");
var occurrences = {};

array.forEach(function(val) {

if(occurrences[val] == null || occurrences[val] == undefined){
occurrences[val] = 1;
} else {
occurrences[val] += 1;
}
});

console.log(occurrences);
}

Unknownsaid...

public static void main(String[]args){
String s="laxmikanta";
int count=s.length()-s.replace("a","").length();
System.out.println("No of occurrence of a is:"+count);

Unknownsaid...

Good way to solve this problem for all characters.

Unknownsaid...

import java.util.Scanner;
public class HelloWorld{

public static void main(String []args){
// System.out.println("Hello World");
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
String str=sc.nextLine();
int l=str.length();
int max=0,temp=0,k=0;

for(int i=0;imax)
{
max=temp;
k=i;
}
}

System.out.println("Character "+str.charAt(k)+" with max count "+max);

}
}

javin paulsaid...

Hello @Unknown, blogger at the < sign, I assume its i < max right?

Anonymoussaid...

import java.util.*;
class MaximumOccurring{
public static void main(String args[]){
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
String str=sc.nextLine();
char ch[]=str.toCharArray();

char temp;
for(int i=0;ich[j]){
temp=ch[i];
ch[i]=ch[j];
ch[j]=temp;
}
}
}
int count=1;
int arr[]=new int[str.length()];
int k=0;
char result[]=new char[str.length()];
for(int i=0;imax){
max=arr[i];
index=i;
}
}

System.out.println(ch[index]);
}
}

Unknownsaid...

Hello all, String val=banana , a has been occurred 3 times, can any one help an code , i am new to coding.

javin paulsaid...

did you try this code?

Anshul Kattasaid...

using Java 8

Stream charStream = word.chars().mapToObj(obj -> (char) obj);
System.out.println(charStream.filter(c -> c == character).count());

javin paulsaid...

neat example Anshul, thx for sharing with us.

Samasaid...

public static void MaxOccChar() {
String s="myy nameeee is Sama".toLowerCase();

Map ch= new TreeMap();
for(int i =0;i> retS=ch.entrySet();
int max=0; char c='a';
for(Entry e:retS) {
if(max<e.getValue()) {
max=e.getValue();
c=e.getKey();}
}
System.out.println("Character "+c+" occurs maximum times & the count is "+max);

}

Unknownsaid...

public class sample4
{
public void vc(String str)
{
int vowels=0,consonants=0;
for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++)
{
if((97<=str.charAt(i) && str.charAt(i)<=122) || (65<=str.charAt(i) && str.charAt(i)<=90))
{
if('a'==str.charAt(i) || 'e'==str.charAt(i) || 'i'==str.charAt(i) || 'o'==str.charAt(i) || 'u'==str.charAt(i))
{
vowels++;
}
else
{
consonants++;
}
}
}
System.out.print("The total vowels are :"+vowels);
System.out.println();
System.out.print("The total consonants are :"+consonants);
}

public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
String asp=sc.next();
sample4 as=new sample4();
as.vc(asp);
}

}

Anandsaid...

HashMap countM=new HashMap();

for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++) {
//System.out.println("SubString"+String.valueOf(str.charAt(i)));
if(countM.get(String.valueOf(str.charAt(i)))==null) {
countM.put(String.valueOf(str.charAt(i)), 1);
}else {
//System.out.println(String.valueOf(str.charAt(i))+" : "+countM.get(String.valueOf(str.charAt(i))));
countM.put(String.valueOf(str.charAt(i)), countM.get(String.valueOf(str.charAt(i)))+1);
}
}
System.out.println(countM);

Anonymoussaid...

public class MaxiOccurChar {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int count;
String s="Java";
int a[]=new int[s.length()];
int max=a[0];
int pos=0;
// for counting char occurence
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
count=0;
for (int j = i; j < s.length(); j++) {
if(s.charAt(i)==s.charAt(j))
{
count++;
}
}
a[i]=count;
System.out.println(a[i]+" Count of chararcter "+s.charAt(i));
// maximum occured char

if(a[i]>max){
max=a[i];
pos=i;
}
}
System.out.println("Maximum occur: "+max+" times for char: "+s.charAt(pos));


}

}

Unknownsaid...

public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int c1=0,c2=0;
String s="java";
char c=s.charAt(0);
for(int i=0;ic2){
c=s.charAt(i);
c2=c1; }}
c1=0;
}
System.out.println(c);
}
}

Navinsaid...

public static void main(String[] args) {
String str="nnnaaaavvvsss is navin ssss lllllll tttttt";int result=0;
HashMap hm=new HashMap();
for(int i=0;i<=str.length()-1;i++) {
if(hm.get(str.charAt(i))==null) {
hm.put(str.charAt(i), 1);
}
else {
hm.put(str.charAt(i), hm.get(str.charAt(i))+1);
if(result<hm.get(str.charAt(i)))
result=hm.get(str.charAt(i));
}
}

System.out.println(result);
}

sunny rajputsaid...

public class MaxOccuringChar {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String s="atrtrayiuytrsaaouhgaaouja";

char[] arr=s.toCharArray();
Map map=new HashMap<>();
Integer count=0;
for (char c : arr) {
if(map.containsKey(c)) {
count= map.get(c) + 1;
map.put(c, count);
}else {
count=count+1;
map.put(c, count);
}
}

int max = map.values().stream().max((a,b)-> a>b?a:b).get();
System.out.println(max);
}
}

Anonymoussaid...

public static void findMaxOccurance(String str)
{
int count=0;
int max_occurance=0;
Character max_occ_character= 0;
Map char_map=new HashMap<>();
for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++)
{
count=1;
if(char_map.containsKey(str.charAt(i))) {
count = char_map.get(str.charAt(i)) + 1;
}
char_map.put(str.charAt(i), count);
}
for(Character key: char_map.keySet())
{
if(max_occurance < char_map.get(key)) {
max_occ_character=key;
max_occurance = char_map.get(key);
}
}
System.out.println("max Occurrence character is " + max_occ_character +" Frequency is "+ max_occurance);
}

Anonymoussaid...

public static void findMaxOccurance(String str)
{
int count=0;
int max_occurance=0;
Character max_occ_character= 0;
Map char_map=new HashMap<>();
for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++)
{
count=1;
if(char_map.containsKey(str.charAt(i))) {
count = char_map.get(str.charAt(i)) + 1;
}
char_map.put(str.charAt(i), count);
}
for(Character key: char_map.keySet())
{
if(max_occurance < char_map.get(key)) {
max_occ_character=key;
max_occurance = char_map.get(key);
}
}
System.out.println("max Occurrence character is " + max_occ_character +" Frequency is "+ max_occurance);
}

Anonymoussaid...

String str = "ababac";
char chr[] = str.toCharArray();
char c =' ';
char f=' ';
int temp=0;
for(int i=0;itemp)
{
temp =count1;
f=chr[i];
}
}
System.out.println("char is = "+f+" count is = "+temp);

Anonymoussaid...

public class Sample{

public static void main(String args[]){
String str="sare jhan se aacha";
int temp=0;
int Char=0;

for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){
int count=0;
char currchar=str.charAt(i);
for(int j=0;j<str.length();j++)
{
if(str.charAt(j)==currchar && str.charAt(j)!=' '){
count++;
}
}
if(temp<count){
temp=count;
Char=i;
}
}
char z=str.charAt(Char);
System.out.println("Highest occurance character is = "+z + "\n" +"occurance count is = "+ temp);

}
}

Vipulsaid...

class Occ
{
public static void main(String[] arg)
{
String s = "This is a kumar sharma";
String[] a = s.split("a");
System.out.println(a.length);
}
}

Anonymoussaid...

class Occ
{
public static void main(String[] arg)
{
String s = "This is a kumar sharma";
String[] a = s.split("a");
System.out.println(a.length);
}
}

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