^Hawkins, John A. (1987). “Germanic languages”. In Bernard Comrie. The World's Major Languages. Oxford University Press. pp. 68–76. ISBN0-19-520521-9
^abcRobinson, Orrin W. (1992). Old English and Its Closest Relatives. Stanford University Press. ISBN0-8047-2221-8
^Kuhn, Hans (1955–56). “Zur Gliederung der germanischen Sprachen”. Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur66: 1–47.
^Graeme Davis (2006:154) notes "the languages of the Germanic group in the Old period are much closer than has previously been noted. Indeed it would not be inappropriate to regard them as dialects of one language. They are undoubtedly far closer one to another than are the various dialects of modern Chinese, for example. A reasonable modern analogy might be Arabic, where considerable dialectical diversity exists but within the concept of a single Arabic language." In:Davis, Graeme (2006). Comparative Syntax of Old English and Old Icelandic: Linguistic, Literary and Historical Implications. Bern: Peter Lang. ISBN3-03910-270-2
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