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貿易圏

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
（経済圏から転送）
国際通商
通商政策
輸入と輸出 -貿易収支
国際貿易法 - 貿易協定 -貿易圏
貿易創出と貿易転換
輸出志向型工業化 -輸入代替工業化
貿易金融 - 貿易円滑化
交易路
通商規制
通商障壁 -関税 -非関税障壁
輸入割当制 -関税割当制 - 輸入クォータ制 - 輸入許可証 - 輸出補助金 - 技術的貿易障壁 -賄賂
外国為替操作
セーフガード - 輸出自粛
制裁的関税 -反ダンピング関税
課題
知的財産権 -密輸
独占禁止法 - 政府調達
アウトソーシング -グローバリゼーション
フェアトレード - Trade justice
排出取引 -経済制裁
競争（通貨安競争 - 関税競争 - 貿易競争）
Trade and development

貿易圏（ぼうえきけん）とは、政府間貿易協定の一つ。多くは地域国際機関を元に形成され、参加国間は貿易障壁（関税や非関税障壁）が軽減・免除される[1]。

概要

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世界の経済統合段階:
(緑であるほど段階が高い)
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この節の加筆が望まれています。

貿易圏の一覧

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メルコスール
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貿易圏別の統計

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貿易圏人口GDP (USD)参加国
20062007growthper capita
共同市場,経済同盟経済通貨同盟通貨同盟
欧州連合の経済通貨統合324,879,19510,685,946,928,31012,225,304,229,68614.41%37,630
東カリブ諸国機構 (OECS)593,9053,752,679,5623,998,281,7316.54%6,732
Overseas Issuing Institute (OII)504,47612,264,278,32914,165,953,20015.51%28,081
カリブ共同体 (CCCM)6,418,41739,616,485,62343,967,600,76510.98%6,850
欧州経済領域(EEA)499,620,52114,924,076,504,59217,186,876,431,70915.16%34,400
関税通貨同盟
中部アフリカ諸国経済共同体(CEMAC)39,278,64551,265,460,68558,519,380,75514.15%1,490
西アフリカ諸国経済共同体(UEMOA)90,299,94550,395,629,49458,453,871,28315.99%647
関税同盟
アンデス共同体(CAN)96,924,486281,269,141,372334,172,968,64818.81%3,448
東アフリカ共同体(EAC)127,107,83849,882,030,44361,345,180,04122.98%483
欧州連合関税同盟(EUCU)574,602,74515,331,827,900,20217,679,376,474,71915.31%30,768
湾岸協力会議(GCC)36,154,528724,460,151,595802,641,302,47710.79%22,200
南米共同市場(MERCOSUR)271,304,9461,517,510,000,0001,886,817,000,00012.44%9,757
南部アフリカ関税同盟(SACU)58,000,0001,499,811,549,1871,848,337,158,28123.24%6,885
特恵貿易地域 と自由貿易協定
ASEAN自由貿易地域(AANFTA)-ASEAN+32,085,858,84110,216,029,899,76411,323,947,181,80410.84%5,429
Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)499,807,6622,823,198,095,1313,292,088,771,48016.61%6,587
アフリカ自由貿易地域 (AFTZ)553,915,405643,541,709,413739,927,625,27314.98%1,336
Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement(APTA)2,714,464,0274,868,614,302,7445,828,692,637,76419.72%2,147
CARIFORUM-EUCU-OCTs592,083,95015,437,771,092,52217,798,283,524,96115.29%30,060
中米統合機構(CACM)37,388,06387,209,524,88997,718,800,79412.05%2,614
中欧自由貿易協定(CEFTA)27,968,711110,263,802,023135,404,501,03122.80%4,841
独立国家共同体(CISFTA)272,897,8341,271,909,586,0181,661,429,920,72130.62%6,088
ドミニカ中米自由貿易協定(DR-CAFTA-US)356,964,47713,345,469,865,03714,008,686,684,0894.97%39,244
西アフリカ諸国経済共同体((ECOWAS)283,096,250215,999,071,943255,784,634,12818.42%904
欧州自由貿易連合(EFTA)-南部アフリカ関税同盟(SACU)68,199,9911,021,509,931,9181,139,385,636,88811.54%16,707
9
ユーラシア経済共同体(EAEC)207,033,9901,125,634,333,1171,465,256,182,49830.17%7,077
北米自由貿易協定(NAFTA)449,227,67215,337,094,304,21816,189,097,801,3185.56%36,038
環太平洋戦略的経済連携協定(TPP)25,639,622401,810,366,865468,101,167,29416.50%18,257
南アジア地域協力連合(SAARC)1,567,187,3731,162,684,650,5441,428,392,756,31222.85%911
南太平洋地域貿易経済協力協定(SPARTECA)35,079,659918,557,785,0311,102,745,750,17220.05%31,435
This list is based on the data obtained from国際連合の旗国際連合 Statistics Division.

貿易圏についての比較

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取り組み
貿易圏自由貿易協定(FTA)経済通貨同盟渡航自由化政治的協定集団防衛その他
関税同盟共同市場通貨同盟ビザ免除出入国審査免除
EU発効発効7発効2発効1発効発効
(シェンゲン協定1, 7,NPU andCTA1)		発効発効
(NATO1, 7 andCFSP/ESDP1)		ESA1, 7
EFTA発効発効2, 7発効発効1, 7発効1, 7ESA1, 7
CARICOM発効発効発効1発効1 and
proposed common		発効1proposedproposed非核
AUECOWAS発効1, 3発効1 proposed[2][3]発効1 and
proposed for 20121 and
proposed common		 発効1 proposed proposed発効非核1
ECCAS発効1発効1 proposed発効1発効発効非核1
EAC発効発効proposed for 2015proposed for 2012 proposed ? proposed for 2015非核1
SADC 発効1発効1 proposed for 2015 de-facto発効1 and proposed common for 2016 proposed[4]非核1
COMESA 発効1 proposed for 2010 ? proposed for 2018非核1
Common proposed for 2019 proposed for 2019 proposed for 2023 proposed for 2028 proposed for 2028非核1
UNASURMERCOSUR発効発効 proposed for 2015[5]発効 proposed for 2014[6]非核
CAN発効発効1proposed1[7]発効非核
Common proposed for 20144 proposed for not after 2019 proposed for 2019 proposed for 2019 発効[8] proposed for 2019proposed発効非核
EurAsEC発効1発効1proposed for 20121Proposed[9]発効[10]発効1
ALGCC発効 proposed for 2012[11] proposed proposed1発効
Common発効1proposed for 2015 proposed for 2020proposed proposed[12]
ASEAN発効5proposed for 2015[13]proposed8[14]発効[15]proposed for 2015[16]proposed for 2020[17]非核
CAIS発効1proposed?発効1発効1proposed非核
CEFTA発効RCC7
NAFTA発効発効1, 7
SAARC発効1, 6
PIFproposed for 20211非核1

1 not all members participating yet
2 involvinggoods,services,telecommunications,transport (fullliberalisation ofrailways from 2012),energy (full liberalisation from 2007)
3telecommunications,transport andenergy - proposed
4 sensitive goods to be covered from 2019
5least developed members to join from 2012
6least developed members to join from 2017
7 Additionally some non member states also participate (theEuropean Union,EFTA andNATO have overlapping membership and various common initiatives regarding theEuropean integration).
8 Additionally some non member states also participate (ASEAN Plus Three)

脚注

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  1. ^Schott 1991, 1.
  2. ^WT/COMTD/N/11
  3. ^WT/COMTD/N/21
  4. ^“Prensa Latina”. Prensa Latina. (2007年2月3日). http://www.plenglish.com/Article.asp?ID=%7BED24867F-2CDD-4DF8-9342-2FBF3AB80AB2%7D&language=EN 
  5. ^WT/REG238/M/1
  6. ^“Definidos critérios para o Parlamento do Mercosul”. Senado Federal - Notícias. (2007年2月3日). http://www.senado.gov.br/sf/noticia/senamidia/jornalSenado/verNoticia.asp?ud=20051017&datNoticia=20051017&codNoticia=37826 
  7. ^Twelfth Andean Presidential CouncilAct of Lima
  8. ^“South American countries reach visa deal”. CNN. (2006年11月24日). オリジナルの2006年12月20日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20061220143118/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/americas/11/24/chile.southamerica.ap/index.html 
  9. ^GCC countries postpone customs union Nazarbayev proposed to create the SCO's reserve currency
  10. ^https://web.archive.org/web/20070705142505/www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=2847543&PageNum=0
  11. ^GCC countries postpone customs union move
  12. ^Yemen Proposes Replacing Arab League With Arab Union,Agence France-Presse, 11 February 2004
  13. ^“Asean Trade Mins Meet To Speed Up Plans For Single Market”. Malaysia Dual Lingual Business News. (2007年2月3日). http://www.biznewsdb.com/english/newspage/newspage.asp?ID=60515103&file1=6&bulan=05&kw=wwqq 
  14. ^“Envisioning a single Asian currency”. International Herald Tribune. (2007年2月3日). http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/03/27/bloomberg/bxadb.php 
  15. ^“ASEAN To Sign Accord On Visa-Free Travel”. AHN - All Headline News. (2007年2月3日). http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7004181732 
  16. ^“ASEAN Leaders Sign Five Agreements at the 12th ASEAN Summit, Cebu, the Philippines, 13 January 2007” (Press release). ASEAN Secretariat. 13 January 2007. 2007年1月28日閲覧.On the first day of the 12th ASEAN Summit, five Agreements have been signed by ASEAN leaders - reinforcing their commitment in the continuing integration of ASEAN and enhancing political, economic and social cooperation in the region.
  17. ^“ASEAN defense ministers aim for security community”. ABS-CBN. (2007年2月3日). http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=38152 

参考文献

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  • Mansfield, Edward D. and Helen V. Milner, "The New Wave of Regionalism" inDiehl, Paul F. (2005). The Politics of Global Governance: International Organizations in an Interdependent World. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 1-55587-654-4 
  • Milner, Helen V., "International Trade" inCarlsnaes, Walter; Thomas Risse, Beth A. Simmons (2002). Handbook of International Relations. London: SAGE Publications. ISBN 0-7619-6304-9 
  • O'Loughlin, John; Luc Anselin (1996). “Geo-Economic Competition and Trade Bloc Formation: United States, German, and Japanese Exports, 1968-1992”. Economic Geography 72 (2): 131–160. doi:10.2307/144263. JSTOR 144263. 
  • Schott, Jeffrey J. (1991). “Trading blocs and the world trading system”. World Economy 14 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.1991.tb00748.x. 

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