人類は数世紀にわたり農業により陸域生物圏における植生を改変することでも、炭素循環に影響を与えてきた[129]。過去数世紀にわたる人類の土地利用および土地被覆改変(land use and land cover change:LUCC)は生物多様性喪失を招いており、その結果として生態系の大気中から炭素を除去する能力を弱め、むしろこれによりしばしば陸域生態系から大気中への炭素放出を引き起こしている。例えば森林伐採は大量の炭素を隔離する森林を破壊し、炭素隔離能が遥かに少ないかむしろ炭素排出源である農地や都市域に速やかに変換する。
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