Accessibility (a11y) is the practice of enabling as many people as possible to use the content, even if people have limited abilities. This include people with disabilities, those using mobile devices, and those with slow network connections. Content should be developed to be as accessible as technology allows.

TheAndroid SDK is a software development kit built for developers building for Google's Android Platform. It includes tools for building, testing, and debugging Android applications.

Android Studio is the officialIntegrated Development Environment (IDE) for Native Android app development.

Autoprefixer is a tool that addsvendor-specific-prefixes to hand-written Sass/CSS code. This ensures that standardized CSS rulesyou write will be applied across all supporting browsers. For example, instead of having to know every flexboxsyntax used by various browsers, autoprefixer allows you to just writedisplay: flex; and it'llautomatically plug in the correct CSS.

Bundling is the process of taking an app's dependencies (code you've written plus any npm modules installed) andcompiling/transpiling them down to one single file.

Capacitor is an open source cross-platform app runtimethat allows web-based apps to run natively on iOS, Android, Electron, and the web. It's helpful to refer to theseapps "Native Progressive Web Apps" and they represent the next evolution beyond the traditional Hybrid app mentality.Capacitor was created and is actively developed/supported by Ionic, the company.

A CLI, orCommand-LineInterface, is a text-based interface forinteracting with a program. The common command-line app for a Mac user is the Terminal app, and Windows users oftenuse Command Prompt. The Ionic community often uses this term to refer toIonic's CLI. Ionic's CLI can be used for a number of things, suchas creating production builds of an app, running the development server, and accessingIonic commercial services.

CommonJS is a group that definesstandard formats for JavaScript APIs. They have defined standards for JavaScript modules and packages.

Apache Cordova is an open source mobile applicationdevelopment framework that transforms standard HTML/CSS/JS into full-fledged native apps. It provides a JavaScriptAPI for accessing native device functionality, such as the camera or accelerometer. Cordova contains the necessarybuild tools for packaging webapps for iOS, Android, and Windows Phone.

CORS(Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is a mechanism for servers to control client access to web assets. See theCORS FAQs for more information.

You may be familiar with variables from Sass.CSS Variablesenable the same functionality but are built into the browser. CSS Variables are available in all evergreen browsers.

Decorators are expressions that return a function. They allow you to take an existing function, and extend itsbehavior. With TypeScript, you can also decorateclasses andparameters. When you decorate aclass, you are wrapping and extending the behavior of its constructor. In other words, thedecorator will add some functionality when the constructor is called, and will then return the original constructor.When you decorate aparameter, you are wrapping the argument that gets passed in for thatparameter. The decorator will add functionality when an argument is passed to the method, and then return theoriginal argument.

ES5 refers to EcmaScript 5th Edition. A simple way to put it is that ES5 is the version of JavaScript whichdevelopers are most familiar with today.

A wide range of new features were introduced in this version of JavaScript, including classes, modules, iterators,and promises. Evergreen browsers (Chrome, Safari, Firefox and Edge) have full support for ES6, but to use ES6features in older browsers, tools such asBabel andTypeScript havetotranspile ES6 code down to ES5.

This version of JavaScript added a number of new features to the language, includingArray.includes andthe exponentiation operator. This version of JavaScript is fully supported by all evergreen browsers (Chrome,Safari, Firefox and Edge)

This version of JavaScript is the latest standard. It is currently in the final stage before becoming the newofficial standard. This spec includes Async/Await (already in all evergreen browsers) and shared memory/atomics.

Genymotion is a third-party Android emulator. It is extremely fast, and is useful for quickly testing your app onAndroid. Check out ourresource section on Genymotion formore info.

Git is a distributed version control system for managing code.It allows development teams to contribute code to the same project without causing code conflicts.

Gulp is a tool for running tasks which can be used to build your app.Common build tasks include transpilingES6 toES5, turningSass into CSS, minifying code, and concatenating files.

ES Modulesbrings the concept of modules natively to JavaScript. With modules, classes and variables are no longer in theglobal scope and have to be explicitly imported into your project to be used. This makes it much easier tounderstand where your code is coming from and increases modularity and compartmentalization of functionality.

Ionicons is an open-source icon set used and createdby Ionic. It includes 1:1 iOS and Material Design icons, as well as commonly used social/application icons.Ionicons is included by default in Ionic distributions, but they can also be used in any project.

Karma is a test runner thatwill run an app's test inside a real browser. It executes test cases, written in any testing framework, ina real browser. Karma was originally written for use with Angular 1.

Modules in JavaScript are small, independent, and reusable pieces or code that are isolated from one another and theGlobal scope.

Amonorepo is a single git repository with multiple projects. Advantages include simplerorganization, shared tooling and dependencies, and better collaboration with teammates.

Live Reload (orlive-reload) is a tool that automatically reloads the browser orWeb View when it detects changes in your app. In some cases, it can replaceparts of your app without having to reload the entire window. See theLive Reload docs for more information.

Node is a runtime environment that allows JavaScript to bewritten on the server-side. In addition to being used for web services, node is often used to build developertools, such as theIonic CLI.

npm is the package manager fornode.It allows developers to install, share, and package node modules. Ionic can be installed with npm, along witha number of its dependencies.

An observable is an object that emits events (or notifications). An observer is an object that listens for theseevents, and does something when an event is received. Together, they create a pattern that can be used forprogramming asynchronously.

Referred to by Apple asBundle ID and by Android asApplication ID, thePackage ID is used for identifying apps published to the App Store/Play Store. It is a stringformatted inreverse-DNS notation.

Apolyfill is a bit of code thatadds functionality to the browser and normalizes browser differences. This is similar to ashim,but where a shim has it's own API, a polyfill let's the expect API of the browser be used.

Protractor is a testing framework written forand by the Angular team. Protractor can be used with test runners, like Karma, for end-to-end testing. Test runnersallow you to quickly and programmatically verify code quality.

Sass is a stylesheet language that compiles to CSS and is used by Ionic. Sass is like CSS, but with extra featuressuch asvariables,mixins, andloops.

A component that uses scoped encapsulation will automatically scope its CSS by appending each of the styles with adata attribute at run time. Overriding scoped selectors in CSS requires ahigher specificityselector. Scoped components can also be styled usingCSS Custom Properties.

Shadow DOMis a native browser solution for DOM and style encapsulation of a component. It shields the component from itssurrounding environment. To externally style internal elements of a Shadow DOM component you must useCSS Custom PropertiesorCSS Shadow Parts.

A shim is a piece of code that normalizes an APIs across browsers. A shim can have it's own API that hides thebrowser specific implementation from the end user.

Transpilation is the process of converting code from one language to another language prior to execution. Typically,a transpiler will convert a high-level language to another high-level language. The most common type oftranspilation in Ionic Framework is convertingES2015/ES6(TypeScript) toES5 (traditional JavaScript).

TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript,which means it gives you JavaScript, along with a number of extra features such astype declarationsandinterfaces.Although Ionic is built with TypeScript, using it to build an Ionic app is completely optional.

Unit Tests and unit testing are a way to test small pieces of code to see if they behave as expected. Unit testingframeworks include Jasmine, Mocha, QUnit, and many others.

Webpack bundles together JavaScript modules and other assets.It can be used to create single or multiple "chunks" that are only loaded when needed. Webpack can be used to takemany files and dependencies and bundle them into one file, or other types.

TheWorld Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the standards organizationfor the Web. Together, industry leaders and the public work together to developweb standards, which are a set of protocols, specifications,and technologies that define the Web Platform.

Xcode is an Apple IDE (integrated developmentenvironment) for software development on Apple operating systems (macOS, iOS, watchOS and tvOS), with extensionsavailable for other languages and platforms.