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Papers by Christiana Chantavaridou

Research paper thumbnail of Women and power in the court of Philip II
This dissertation was written as part of the MA in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History of M... moreThis dissertation was written as part of the MA in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History of Macedonia aiming to enlighten the reasons for Philip II’s marital policy and provide information in relation to royal Macedonian women in his court. Philip II was the third out of the three sons of Amyntas III of the Argead dynasty, who ruled the kingdom of Macedonia from the backwater of the Hellenic world.  Prior to his reign the kingdom was weak, unstable, possessing an impotent army that could not deal with their many aggressive enemies.  His ascendance to the throne, his innovations during his reign and his multiple marriages were crucial for the transformation and expansion of Macedonia.
Early in his reign he took five wives, part of his marriage policy to form alliances, aiming also to produce quickly male heirs to the throne.  Two more weddings followed, the last one with a Macedonian noble probably of Argive descent that took place a little time before his assassination in 336 BC.  All these royal women, including his mother queen Eurydice, his daughters and granddaughters seemed to play an important role in his monarchy and in shaping their dynasty’s image.  Even his divinity was implied to project this image.  Anyhow, his polygamy has possibly caused problems in his court and could be a reason for his assassination. Olympias, mother of his son Alexander and seemingly successor to his throne, was projected by some ancient authors, especially by Justin, as the mastermind behind his murder. The work of another ancient author, Plutarch’s Life of Alexander appears to have some elements in contrast with Alexander Romance, an epistolic novel with many alterations.  What was the mirroring of these royal Macedonian women in these two?
Keywords: polygamy, marriage alliances, prominent women, projection of monarchy, divinity
Figure 1: Eurydice’s tomb at Aigai (source: vergina.web.auth.gr) Macedonia and the other Greek cities. It was now Philip’s turn to rule.
fit.2°
Figure 7: Expansion of Macedonia before and under Philip II's reign (Source: Roisman 2010, map 3) the house of the Theban general Pammenes, his assumed lover, when he was a hostage there.”
A statue base (see Figure 9), dated to the second or third c. AD, has been found in a house at the city of Thessalonike, bearing the inscription Oeooddoviknv Piditrou BaoiAiooav (IG X 2.1 277). Along with it, two more incised statue bases have been revealed, one for Alexander Ill (IG X 2.1 275) and one for his son, Alexander IV (IG X 2.1 276) where both of them are referred to as the son of a god. All three statue bases probably hosted statues that depicted them which could mean that cults existed in their honor during that ————————————————— °° According to a Greek legend, when Thessalonike heard that Alexander had died tried to drown herself in the sea. Instead of dying, she became a mermaid as her brother had bathed her hair with immortal water from the Fountain of Immortality. From that moment, she wandered in the Aegean and asked the sailors: “Is Alexander the King alive?” If they answered "He lives and reigns and conquers the world", she allowed the ship to sail, if not she made it sink. (www.wikipedia.org).
Figure 10: The Kingdom of Macedonia in 336BC including Molossia (source: https://en.wikipedia.org)
men, Fate placed me at the age of three a corpse beneath this tomb." "Aeacid is my race,-my father, Neoptolemus,-my name, Alcimachus,-of those (descended) from Olympias. As a child whose intelligence was equal to that of man Fata nlarad ma at tha ana of thraa 9 ceonrneca hanaath thie tamh "
Figure 13: SEG 32.644 (source: Oikonomos 1915, no. 65 39-40) G.P. Oikonomos published one more inscription (SEG 32.644) referring to the
Figure 17: Gonzaga cameo (source: http: en.wikipedia.org)
Figure 18: Vienna cameo (source: Kunst Historiches Museum, Wien)
Figure 20: site plan of the sanctuary of ancient Olympia (Source: www.wikipedia.orq)
Figure 21: Philippeum in Olympia, (source: www.britannica.com)
Figure 22: mosaic from Baalbek representing Alexander, Olympias with a snake and Philip (source: www.livius.org) ne when he becomes aware that Alexander was conceived by a divine snake nand to a snake climbing on her lap and Philip sitting beside her, probably the
Figure 23: Olympias reclined on a couch feeding a snake (Source: www.britishmuseum.org)
Research paper thumbnail of Women and power in the court of Philip II
This dissertation was written as part of the MA in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History of M... moreThis dissertation was written as part of the MA in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History of Macedonia aiming to enlighten the reasons for Philip II’s marital policy and provide information in relation to royal Macedonian women in his court. Philip II was the third out of the three sons of Amyntas III of the Argead dynasty, who ruled the kingdom of Macedonia from the backwater of the Hellenic world.  Prior to his reign the kingdom was weak, unstable, possessing an impotent army that could not deal with their many aggressive enemies.  His ascendance to the throne, his innovations during his reign and his multiple marriages were crucial for the transformation and expansion of Macedonia.
Early in his reign he took five wives, part of his marriage policy to form alliances, aiming also to produce quickly male heirs to the throne.  Two more weddings followed, the last one with a Macedonian noble probably of Argive descent that took place a little time before his assassination in 336 BC.  All these royal women, including his mother queen Eurydice, his daughters and granddaughters seemed to play an important role in his monarchy and in shaping their dynasty’s image.  Even his divinity was implied to project this image.  Anyhow, his polygamy has possibly caused problems in his court and could be a reason for his assassination. Olympias, mother of his son Alexander and seemingly successor to his throne, was projected by some ancient authors, especially by Justin, as the mastermind behind his murder. The work of another ancient author, Plutarch’s Life of Alexander appears to have some elements in contrast with Alexander Romance, an epistolic novel with many alterations.  What was the mirroring of these royal Macedonian women in these two?
Keywords: polygamy, marriage alliances, prominent women, projection of monarchy, divinity
Figure 1: Eurydice’s tomb at Aigai (source: vergina.web.auth.gr) Macedonia and the other Greek cities. It was now Philip’s turn to rule.
fit.2°
Figure 7: Expansion of Macedonia before and under Philip II's reign (Source: Roisman 2010, map 3) the house of the Theban general Pammenes, his assumed lover, when he was a hostage there.”
A statue base (see Figure 9), dated to the second or third c. AD, has been found in a house at the city of Thessalonike, bearing the inscription Oeooddoviknv Piditrou BaoiAiooav (IG X 2.1 277). Along with it, two more incised statue bases have been revealed, one for Alexander Ill (IG X 2.1 275) and one for his son, Alexander IV (IG X 2.1 276) where both of them are referred to as the son of a god. All three statue bases probably hosted statues that depicted them which could mean that cults existed in their honor during that ————————————————— °° According to a Greek legend, when Thessalonike heard that Alexander had died tried to drown herself in the sea. Instead of dying, she became a mermaid as her brother had bathed her hair with immortal water from the Fountain of Immortality. From that moment, she wandered in the Aegean and asked the sailors: “Is Alexander the King alive?” If they answered "He lives and reigns and conquers the world", she allowed the ship to sail, if not she made it sink. (www.wikipedia.org).
Figure 10: The Kingdom of Macedonia in 336BC including Molossia (source: https://en.wikipedia.org)
men, Fate placed me at the age of three a corpse beneath this tomb." "Aeacid is my race,-my father, Neoptolemus,-my name, Alcimachus,-of those (descended) from Olympias. As a child whose intelligence was equal to that of man Fata nlarad ma at tha ana of thraa 9 ceonrneca hanaath thie tamh "
Figure 13: SEG 32.644 (source: Oikonomos 1915, no. 65 39-40) G.P. Oikonomos published one more inscription (SEG 32.644) referring to the
Figure 17: Gonzaga cameo (source: http: en.wikipedia.org)
Figure 18: Vienna cameo (source: Kunst Historiches Museum, Wien)
Figure 20: site plan of the sanctuary of ancient Olympia (Source: www.wikipedia.orq)
Figure 21: Philippeum in Olympia, (source: www.britannica.com)
Figure 22: mosaic from Baalbek representing Alexander, Olympias with a snake and Philip (source: www.livius.org) ne when he becomes aware that Alexander was conceived by a divine snake nand to a snake climbing on her lap and Philip sitting beside her, probably the
Figure 23: Olympias reclined on a couch feeding a snake (Source: www.britishmuseum.org)

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