Nje Korona bụ ụmụ nje nke na-ebute ụmụ ọrịa dị iche iche tụmadị n'ụmụ anụmanụ nakwa nnụnụ. Na mmadụ, nje korona na-ebute ihe ndi bekee kpọrọ respiratory tract infections nke nwere ike ịmalite dika obere ọria nkịtị wee ruo na-ịgbu mmadụ ọnwụọ. Obere ọria ndi a gụnyere oyi (bụ nke na- ebute ọria ndị ọzọ ọkachasị nke ndị oyibo kpọrọ rhinoviruses), ebe oke oyi nke na-ebute ọria ndi ọzọ na-egbu egbu dika SARS, MERS, na COVID-19. Otu ọria si egosi na adị n'ụdị n'ụdị: n'ọkụkọ ọria na-ebute upper respiratory tract disease, mana n'ehi na ezi ọ na-ebutediarrhea. Ka ọdị ugbu a, enwebeghị ọgwụ mgbochi vaccines mọọbụ antiviral drugs maka igbochi maọbụ ịgwọ ọria nje korona n'ahụ mmadụ .
Achọpụtara nje korona nke na-aria mmadụ nafọ 1960s. Ndị mbụ mụrụ maka nje korona a bụ site na ndi mmadụ na-aria oyi nkiti bụ nke emechara kpọọhuman coronavirus 229E nahuman coronavirus OC43.[3] Achọpụtakwara Nje Korona ndị ọzọ bu nke na- arịa ndi mmadụ, ha gụnyereSARS-CoV n'afọ 2003,HCoV NL63 n'afọ 2004,HKU1 n'afọ 2005,MERS-CoV n'afọ 2012, nakwaSARS-CoV-2 n'afọ 2019. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọria ndị a ebutela ọrịa akpọrọrespiratory tract infections. bụ nke na-efe efe na-ef.
.Aha a bụ "coronavirus" sitere n'asụsụ Latincorona, nke putara "okpueze" ma ọ bụ "wreath", bụ nke agbazitere n'asụsụ ndị Greek κορώνη nke ha kpọrọkorṓnē, "garland, wreath". A kpọrọ aha nje korona a mbụ n'afọ 1968 ọ bụ ndị otu na-ahụ maka ịgwọ ọria nje dị iche iche mere nke n'ime akwụkwọ jonalụakpọrọ Nature nke bụ iji wee gosipụta ezinaaụlọ nje di iche iche. Aha a na-egosi njiri mara nkevirions ( bụ nje na-eme oji efe efe) site na nyocha nkeelectron microscopy, bụ nke na-egosi ụdịdị nje a dika okpu eze maọbụsolar corona. Ụdịdịmorphology pụtara ihe na ogwu ogwu nkeakpọrọ peplomers, na-ejupụta naproteins n'ahụ/ihu nje a.[4][5]
Nje korona bụ nnukwupleomorphic nwere kịrị kịrị ihe dika bọlụ na- etupụta n'ihu ya. Kịrịkịrị bọlụ ndi a di ya n' ahụ di ihe dika dayamita otu nari na iri abụọ (120 nm)/ (.12 μm). Dayamita nke na-ekpuchi ya di iri asatọ ~80 nm (.08 μm) ebe ihe dika ogwu di ya n'ahụ di iri abụọ ~20 nm (.02 μm) n'ogologo. Ihe na-ekpuchi nje a na-egosi dika okpokoro miri emi nke ndi oyibo kpọrọ electron dense shells.
Ihe a kpuchiri nje a gụnyere lipid bilayer ebe membrane (M), envelope (E) na spike (S) structural proteins na anọ. Ụfọdụ nje Korona (tụmadị ndi si n'otu betacoronavirus subgroup A) nwekwara ahụ ogwu nke akpọrọhemagglutinin esterase .[1]
N'ime ihe a na-ekpuchi nje a e nwere ihe akpọrọnucleocapsid, bụ nke na- amụba site n' ụdị ọnọdụbeads-on-a-string .ọ bụ ihe ọnọdụ mkpuchi a , membrance protein,na nucleocapsid na-echedo nje a mgbe ọ na anọghị n'ahụ mmadụ maọbụ nke anụmanụ.[6]
Nhazi ụdịdị genome maka nje korona gụnyere5′-leader-UTR ha bụ spike (S)-envelope (E)-membrane (M)-nucleocapsid (N)-3′UTR-poly (A) tail. Mkpughe nke ọgụgụ frame ya bụ 1a na 1b nke a mejupụtara okara atọ nke UTR ise ahụ bụ nke meberenonstructural proteins.
Ihe anọ ndị a mechara mejupụta ụdidị protin , ha bụ ogwu(spike), envelope, membrane,nakwa nucleocapsid. akọrọngwa ndia nakwa ọrụ ha na-arụgasi dị iche iche na-esite n'ụdị nje korona.
Ọtụtụ ihe nke ndi oyibo kpọrọ nonstructural proteins biakọtara ọnụ wee mebe ihe akpọrọmulti-protein replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC). Isi sekpụ ntị na replicase-transcriptase protein bụRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Ọ bụ ihe ndia na ọnọdụ na ihe ndia na-ebute mmụba nje a mgbe ọ nọ n'ahụ onye maọbụ ihe bu ya.
Otu n'ime ọrụ ihe ndị mebere nje a bụ ịmụnwogharị maọbụ ịmụba ''viral genome''. RdRp dika anyị tulere na mbụ na ebu n'obisynthesis iji gosi ndi iche di n'etiti ( negative-sense genomic RNA) na (positive-sens genomic RNA).
Aha sayensi kpọrọ nje korona bụOrthocoronavirinae ma ọbuCoronavirinae . Nje korona sitere n'ezinaaụlọCoronaviridae,Nidovirales nakwaRiboviria. E kewara ha na alphacoronaviruses na betacoronaviruses bụ ndị nke na-efe mmadụ ebe gammacoronaviruses na deltacoronaviruses na-efe ụmụ nnụnụ .
↑ (November 2012) "Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies".Viruses4 (11): 3044–68.DOI:10.3390/v4113044.PMID 23202515.
↑ (April 2011) "A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology".Journal of Structural Biology174 (1): 11–22.DOI:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021.PMID 21130884.
