Hypothyroidism, nke a na-akpọkwa underactive thyroid ma ọ bụ obere thyroid, bụ nsogbu nke usoro endocrine nke gland thyroid na-adịghị emepụta hormone thyroid zuru oke.[1][1] nwere ike ịkpata ọtụtụ mgbaàmà, dị ka enweghị ike ịnagide oyi, mmetụta nke Ike ọgwụgwụ, afọ mgbu, obi na-agba ọsọ, ịda mbà n'obi, na ibu ibu. Mgbe ụfọdụ e[1] ike ibu ibute ibu n'ihu olu n'ihi goiter. Ọnọdụ hypothyroidism[2] na-agwọghị n'ime ime nwere ike iduga igbu oge na uto na mmepe ọgụgụ isi na nwa ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa ụkọ iodine.
Gburugburu ụwa, ntakịrị iodine na nri bụ ihe na-ebutekarị hypothyroidism[3][4][1]'s thyroiditis bụ ihe kachasị akpata hypothyroidism na mba ndị nwere iodine zuru ezu.[5] ndị[1] na-adịghị ahụkebe na-agụnye ọgwụgwọ gara aga na radioactive iodine, mmerụ ahụ na hypothalamus ma ọ bụ anterior pituitary gland, ọgwụ ụfọdụ, enweghị thyroid na-arụ ọrụ mgbe a mụrụ ya, ma ọ bụ Ịwa ahụ thyroid gara aga.[1] pụrụ ikwenye nchọpụta nke hypothyroidism, mgbe a na-enyo ya enyo, site na Nnyocha ọbara na-atụle Hormone na-akpali thyroid (TSH) na ọkwa thyroxine.
Iodization[6] nnu egbochiwo hypothyroidism n'ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ. Mgbanwe nke hormone thyroid[1] levothyroxine na-agwọ hypothyroidism.[1] ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike na-agbanwe ọgwụ ahụ dịka mgbaàmà na nhazi nke thyroxine na TSH. Ọgwụ thyroid[1] Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụọgụ iodine nke nri zuru oke dị mkpa, oke oke nwere ike ime ka ụdị hypothyroidism ka njọ.[1]
N'ụwa niile, a na-eme atụmatụ na ha enweghị ụkọ iodine; agbanyeghị, amabeghị ugboro ole nke a na-ebute hypothyroidism[7].[4] United States, hypothyroidism na-eme na 0.3-0.4% nke ndị mmadụ.[4] hypothyroidism, ụdị hypothyroidismo dị nro nke a na-akọwa site na ọkwa thyroxine dị mma na ọkwa TSH dị elu, a na-eche na ọ na-eme na 4.3-8.5% nke ndị mmadụ na United States. Hypothyroidism[1] ihe a na-ahụkarị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị karịa n'etiti ndị ikom. Ndị karịrị afọ[1] na-emetụtakarị ya.[8] makwaara nkịta ka ha na-ebute hypothyroidism, dị ka nwamba na ịnyịnya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghị adịkebe. Okwu ahụ[9] "hypothyroidism" sitere na Greek hypothyroidism nke pụtara belata, thyreos maka ọta, na eidos maka ọdịdị
- ↑1.001.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.081.091.101.11Hypothyroidism. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (March 2013). Archived fromthe original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved on 5 March 2016."Hypothyroidism".National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. March 2013.Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved5 March 2016.
- ↑Preedy (2009).Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects.. Burlington: Elsevier.ISBN 9780080920863. Retrieved on2020-07-28.
- ↑ (2012) "Treatment for primary hypothyroidism: current approaches and future possibilities".Drug Design, Development and Therapy 6: 1–11.DOI:10.2147/DDDT.S12894.PMID 22291465.
- ↑4.04.14.2 (December 2012) "Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association".Thyroid 22 (12): 1200–35.DOI:10.1089/thy.2012.0205.PMID 22954017. Retrieved on2013-12-25. Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, Hennessey JV, Klein I, Mechanick JI, Pessah-Pollack R, Singer PA, Woeber KA (December 2012).(PDF).Thyroid.22 (12): 1200–35.doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0205.PMID 22954017. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2016-01-14. Retrieved2013-12-25.
- ↑ (September 2012) "Clinical review: Central hypothyroidism: pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenges".The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 97 (9): 3068–78.DOI:10.1210/jc.2012-1616.PMID 22851492.
- ↑ (April 2015) "Iodine and the "near" eradication of cretinism".Pediatrics 135 (4): 594–6.DOI:10.1542/peds.2014-3718.PMID 25825529.
- ↑ (2012-07-12) in Cooper, DS:Werner & Ingbar's the thyroid : a fundamental and clinical text, 10th, Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health.ISBN 978-1451120639.
- ↑Hypothyroidism. Merck Veterinary Manual, 10th edition (online version) (2012). Archived fromthe original on 2012-08-23. Retrieved on 2013-12-25.
- ↑ (2013)Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 9, Elsevier Health Sciences.ISBN 9780323112581.
