Mundari (Munɖari ) bụasụsụ Munda nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke ebo Munda na-asụ na steeti ọwụwa anyanwụ India nke Jharkhand, Odisha na West Bengal na ugwu Rangpur Division nke Bangladesh.[1] Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Santali na Bhumij .[2] Mundari Bani, edemede kpọmkwem iji dee Mundari, bụ Rohidas Singh Nag chepụtara.[3] Edewokwa ya na usoro edemede Devanagari, Odia, Bengali na Latin .
Dị ka ọkà mmụta asụsụ Paul Sidwell (2018) si kwuo, asụsụ Munda nwere ike bịarutere n'ụsọ oké osimiri Odisha site na Indochina ihe dịka 4000-3500 afọ gara aga wee gbasaa mgbe Indo-Aryan kwaga Odisha.
A na-asụ Mundari na Khunti, Ranchi, Seraikela Kharsawan na West Singhbhum, East Singhbhum district nke Jharkhand, na na Mayurbhanj, Kendujhar, Sundargarh district nke Odisha ma ọ dịkarịa ala nde mmadụ 1.1.[4] 500,000 ọzọ, tumadi na Odisha na Assam, ka edekọtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na-ekwu "Munda," nwere ike aha ọzọ maka Mundari.
Toshiki Osada (2008:99), na-ezo aka naEncyclopaedia Mundarica (vol. 1, p. 6), depụtara olumba ndị a nke Mundari, nke a na-asụkarị na steeti Jharkhand .
phonology nke Mundari yiri asụsụ Austroasiatic nwere njikọ chiri anya mana ọ dị iche na nke Indo-Aryan ma ọ bụ Dravidian. Ikekwe mmetụta ụdaume kacha si mba ofesi anọwo na ụdaume. Ebe alaka Austroasiatic dị na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia bara ụba na ụda ụdaume, Mundari nwere naanị ise. Ndepụta consonant nke Mundari yiri asụsụ Austroasiatic ndị ọzọ ma ewezuga consonants retroflex, nke dị ka ọ na-apụta naanị na okwu mbinye ego. (Osada 2008)
Mundari nwere ụdaume ise. All ụdaume nwere ogologo na mkpụmkpụ nakwa dị ka nasalized allophones, ma ọ bụghị ogologo ma ọ bụ nasality bụ iche. Udaume niile dị na monosyllables mepere emepe dị ogologo ogologo karịa nke dị na mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi, yana ndị na-eso consonants imi ma ọ bụ/ɟ/ na-nasalized. Udaume na-aga ma ọ bụ na-eso/ɳ/ na-nasalized.
| N'ihu | Central | Azu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechie | i | u | |
| N'etiti | e | o | |
| Mepee | a |
Ndepụta consonant nke Mundari nwere fọnịm 23 bụ isi. Olumba olu Naguri na Kera gụnyere nkwụsi ike dị ka fọnịm agbakwunyere, ebe a etinyere na mbike.
| Labial | eze | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ihu imi | m | n̪ | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | t͡ɕ | k | ʔ |
| aspirated | ( pʰ ) | ( t̪ʰ ) | ( ʈʰ ) | ( t͡ɕʰ ) | ( kʰ ) | ||
| voiced | b | d̪ | ɖ | d͡ʑ | ɡ | ||
| Nke na-ese okwu | s̪ | h | |||||
| Odika | w | l | ɽ | j | |||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| S.No. | Mundari | Transliteration | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | मियद | Miyad | One |
| 2 | बारिया | Baria | Two |
| 3 | आपिया | Apia | Three |
| 4 | उपनिआ | Upnia | four |
| 5 | मोड़ेया | Modea | Five |
| 6 | तुरिया | Turia | Six |
| 7 | एया | Are | Seven |
| 8 | इरलिया | Erlia | Eight |
| 9 | आरेया | Area | Nine |
| 10 | गेलेया | Galea | Ten |
| 11 | Gel Miyad | Eleven | |
| 12 | Gel Bariya | Twelve | |
| 13 | Apiya | Thirteen | |
| 14 | Upuna | Fourteen | |
| 15 | Modeya | Fifteen | |
| 16 | Turiya | Sixteen | |
| 17 | Eya | Seventeen | |
| 18 | Iriliya | Eighteen | |
| 19 | Areya | Nineteen | |
| 20 | Mid Hisi | Twenty | |
| 21 | Hisi Miyad | Twenty-one | |
| 30 | Mid hisi Gel | Thirty | |
| 31 | Hisi Gel Miyad | Thirty-one | |
| 40 | Bar Hisi | Forty | |
| 41 | Bar Hisi Miyad | Forty-one | |
| 50 | Bar Hisi Gel | Fifty | |
| 60 | Aapi Hisi | Sixty | |
| 70 | Aapi Hisi Gel | Seventy | |
| 80 | Upun Hisi | Eighty | |
| 90 | Upun Hisi Gel | Ninety | |
| 100 | Mid Saaye | One hundred | |
| 200 | Bar Saaye | Two hundred | |
| 1000 | Mid Hazar | One thousand | |
| 1,00,000 | Mid Lak | One lakh |
.
mmetụta ụdaume kacha si mba ofesi anọwo na ụdaume. Ebe alaka Austroasiatic dị na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia bara ụba na ụda ụdaume, Mundari nwere naanị ise. Ndepụta consonant nke Mundari yiri asụsụ Austroasiatic ndị ọzọ ma ewezuga