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physics

The Physics
Factbook

An encyclopedia of scientific essays

prefaces
topics
authors
special
instructions

Topic Index

An educational,fair use website

accelerationa,angular‑velocityω,areaA,densityρ,dimensionD,electric‑currentI,electric‑fieldE,electric‑voltageV,electrical‑resistivityρ,energyE,forceF,frequencyf,frictionμ,lengthℓ,magnetic‑fieldB,massm,money$,number#,powerP,pressurep,refractionn,restitutioncor,temperatureT,timet,velocityv,volumeV

* entries marked with an asterisk include editor's commentary

Acceleration (Acceleration Due To Gravity)
1. Acceleration perturbations of daily living
2. More acceleration perturbations of daily living
3. Acceleration of a car
4. Acceleration of a dragster
5. Acceleration of an elevator, cable
6. Acceleration of an elevator, hydraulic
7. Acceleration of a roller coaster
8. Acceleration of a manned rocket*
9. Acceleration of blackout in fighter pilots*
10. Acceleration in a training centrifuge
11. Acceleration of a medical centrifuge
12. Acceleration that would deploy car airbags
13. Acceleration that would break human bones
14. Acceleration that would kill a human
15. Acceleration of a cannonball
16. Acceleration of a bullet
17. Acceleration due to gravity at New York City
18. Acceleration due to gravity at Quito, Ecuador
19. Acceleration due to gravity on the moon
20. Acceleration due to gravity on Mars
21. Acceleration due to gravity: Super Mario Brothers
Angular Velocity (Angular Speed)☝
1. Angular speed of the earth
2. Angular speed of a phonograph record*
3. Angular speed of a floppy disk
4. Angular speed of a hard disk drive
5. Angular speed of a CD
6. Angular speed of a DVD
7. Angular speed of a car engine
8. Angular speed of a truck engine
9. Angular speed of a jet turbine
10. Angular speed of a training centrifuge
11. Angular speed of a medical centrifuge
12. Angular speed of a kitchen blender
Area (Surface Area)☝
1. Area of a ping pong paddle
2. Area of a badminton racket
3. Area of a tennis racket
4. Area of a ping pong table
5. Area of a tennis court
6. Area of a basketball court
7. Area of a football field (soccer pitch)
8. Area of a football field (American)
9. Area of a football field (Canadian)
10. Area of a baseball field
11. Area of a newspaper
12. Area of Manhattan
13. Area of Brooklyn
14. Area of New York City
15. Area of New York State
16. Area of the polar ice caps
17. Area of earth's land surface
18. Area of earth's oceans
19. Surface area of human skin
Density (Specific Gravity)☝
Dimension (Fractal Dimension)☝
Electric Current☝
1. Electric current from a 1.5 V battery
2. Electric current from a car battery
3. Electric current through a microwave oven
4. Electric current through a refrigerator
5. Electric current through an air conditioner
6. Electric current through an electric stove
7. Electric current through a home
8. Electric current through an arc welder [not MIG or TIG]
9. Electric current through a MIG welder
10. Electric current through a TIG welder
11. Electric current through an arc furnace
12. Electric current from an electric eel
13. Electric current of a stun gun
14. Electric current used in electroshock therapy
15. Electric current needed to kill a human
16. Electric current through an electric chair*
17. Electric current through a lightning bolt
18. Electric current through the atmosphere
Electric Field (Dielectric Strength)☝
1. Dielectric strength of air
2. Dielectric strength of glass, crown
3. Dielectric strength of glass, pyrex (borosilicate glass)
4. Dielectric strength of mica
5. Dielectric strength of silicone
6. Dielectric strength of transformer oil
7. Dielectric strength of paper
8. Dielectric strength of polyethylene
9. Dielectric strength of polypropylene
10. Dielectric strength of fused quartz
11. Dielectric strength of waxed paper
12. Dielectric strength of air
13. Electric field inside a typical US home
14. Electric field near a cellular telephone
15. Electric field on earth*
16. Electric field on the sun
Electric Potential (Electromotive Force, Potential Difference, Voltage)☝
Electrical Resistivity (Reciprocal of Electrical Conductivity)☝
1. Resistivity of aluminum
2. Resistivity of aluminum oxide
3. Resistivity of carbon, amorphous
4. Resistivity of carbon, diamond
5. Resistivity of carbon, graphite
6. Resistivity of copper
7. Resistivity of glass
8. Resistivity of germanium
9. Resistivity of gold
10. Resistivity of iron
11. Resistivity of mercury
12. Resistivity of mica
13. Resistivity of nichrome
14. Resistivity of quartz
15. Resistivity of silicon
16. Resistivity of silver
17. Resistivity of steel
18. Resistivity of tungsten
19. Resistivity of water, distilled
20. Resistivity of water, seawater
21. Resistance of a resistor: Blame the students or blame the resistors?
Energy (Energy Density)☝
1. Energy in ATP
2. Energy of the most extreme cosmic rays
3. Energy of the most extreme gamma rays
4. Energy consumption of a human
5. Energy of a 1.5 V battery
6. Energy of a car battery
7. Energy of a truck battery
8. Energy in a cubic meter of natural gas
9. Energy in a barrel of petroleum
10. Energy in a ton of coal
11. Energy in a ton of TNT
12. Energy of a nuclear explosion*
13. Energy consumption of New York City
14. Energy consumption of China
15. Energy consumption of the United States
16. Energy consumption of Africa
17. Energy consumption of Asia
18. Energy consumption of Australia
19. Energy consumption of Europe
20. Energy consumption of North America
21. Energy consumption of South America
22. Energy consumption of the earth
23. Energy density of hydrogen
24. Energy density of methane
25. Energy density of propane
26. Energy density of butane
27. Energy density of gasoline
28. Energy density of kerosene
29. Energy density of aviation fuel
30. Energy density of diesel fuel
31. Energy density of heating oil
32. Energy density of methanol (wood alcohol)
33. Energy density of ethanol
34. Energy density of petroleum
35. Energy density of natural gas
36. Energy density of wood
37. Energy density of coal
38. Energy density of carbohydrates
39. Energy density of fats
40. Energy density of protein
Force (Tension, Thrust, Weight)☝
Friction (Coefficient of Friction)☝
Frequency☝
Length (Altitude, Center of Mass, Depth, Diameter, Distance, Focal Length, Height, Range, Resolution, Size, Thickness, Wavelength)☝
Magnetic Field (Magnetic Flux Density, Magnetic Induction)☝
Mass☝
1. Mass of the heaviest man-made element*
2. Mass of a snowflake
3. Mass of a raindrop
4. Mass of a hailstone
5. Mass of a golf ball
6. Mass of a handball
7. Mass of a tennis ball
8. Mass of a billiard ball
9. Mass of a baseball
10. Mass of a softball
11. Mass of a dodge ball
12. Mass of a football (American)
13. Mass of a football (soccer ball)
14. Mass of a bowling ball
15. Mass of a grain of sand
16. Mass of a bullet
17. Mass of a cannonball
18. Mass of a chemical bomb
19. Mass of a nuclear bomb or warhead
20. Mass of a penny
21. Mass of a physics textbook
22. Mass of a car
23. Mass of a train
24. Mass of an airplane, general aviation
25. Mass of an airplane, commercial aviation
26. Mass of a space shuttle
27. Mass of the World Trade Center
28. Mass of a virus
29. Mass of a bacterium
30. Mass of a dog
31. Mass of an elephant
32. Mass of a whale
33. Mass of a human head
34. Mass of a human brain
35. Mass of a human heart
36. Mass of a human liver
37. Mass of a newborn baby
38. Mass of an adult
39. Mass of all the people on earth
40. Mass of US rice production
41. Mass of US corn production
42. Mass of US wheat production
43. Mass of US potato production
44. Mass of US heroin consumption
45. Mass of US cocaine consumption
46. Mass of US marijuana production
47. Mass of US marijuana consumption
48. Mass of US breakfast cereal consumption
49. Mass of US salsa consumption
50. Mass of US ketchup consumption
51. Mass of US beef production
52. Mass of US beef consumption
53. Mass of trash produced by New York City
54. Mass of the atmosphere
55. Mass of the biosphere
56. Mass of the oceans
57. Mass of the earth
58. Mass of the moon
59. Mass of Jupiter
60. Mass of Pluto
61. Mass needed to create a star
62. Mass of the sun
63. Mass needed to create a neutron star*
64. Mass needed to create a black hole
65. Mass of the Milky Way
66. Mass of the universe
Money (Cost, Earnings, Income, Price, Salary, Worth)☝
1. Cost of living in New York City
2. Cost of living in the US
3. Cost of living for the average person on earth
4. Income of the average New Yorker
5. Income of the average American
6. Income of the average person on earth
7. Price of liquid helium
8. Price of liquid nitrogen
9. Price of water
10. Price of petroleum (crude oil)
11. Price of diesel fuel
12. Price of gasoline
13. Price of kerosene
14. Price of propane
15. Price of natural gas
16. Price of coal
17. Price of ethanol (grain alcohol)
18. Price of electric energy
19. Price of concrete
20. Price of steel
21. Price of diamond
22. Price of copper
23. Price of silver
24. Price of gold
25. Price of platinum
26. Price of plutonium
27. Price of uranium
28. Price of a high school education
29. Price of a college education
30. Salary of a professor
31. Salary of a teacher
32. Salary of a doctor
33. Salary of an engineer
34. Salary of a biologist
35. Salary of a chemist
36. Salary of a geologist
37. Salary of a meteorologist
38. Salary of a physicist
39. Salary of a baseball player
40. Salary of a basketball player
41. Salary of a football player (American)
42. Salary of a football player (Canadian)
43. Salary of a football player (soccer)
44. Salary of a hockey player
45. Worth of the average person in New York City
46. Worth of the average person in the US
47. Worth of the average person on earth
48. Worth of the wealthiest person in New York City
49. Worth of the wealthiest person in the US
50. Worth of the wealthiest person on earth
Number (Population)☝
1. Number of colors distinguishable by the human eye
2. Number of frequencies distinguishable by the human ear
3. Number of neurons in a human brain
4. Number of hairs on a human head
5. Number of transistors on an integrated circuit
6. Number of pages in a science review book
7. Number of pages in a physics textbook
8. Number of books published
9. Number of web pages
10. Number of nuclear weapons capable nations
11. Number of nuclear warheads*
12. Number of artificial satellites
13. Number of cars*
14. Number of personal computers in the US
15. Number of televisions in the US
16. Number of telephones [US, other country or region, or world]
17. Number of cellular phones in the US
18. Number of crimes in New York City
19. Number of crimes in New York State
20. Number of crimes in the US
21. Number of people in a family
22. Number of billionaires
23. Number of people living in poverty
24. Number of people in New York City
25. Number of people in the US
26. Number of people on earth
27. Number of births in New York City
28. Number of births in the US
29. Number of births on earth
30. Number of deaths in New York City
31. Number of deaths in the US
32. Number of deaths on earth
33. Number of obese people in the US
34. Number of rats in New York City*
35. Number of pigeons in New York City
36. Number of ants in the world
37. Number of cockroaches
38. Number of beetles
39. Number of orchids
40. Number of species
41. Number of planets
42. Number of asteroids
43. Number of comets
44. Number of extrasolar planets
45. Number of stars in the Milky Way
46. Number of galaxies in the universe
47. Number of words in the English language
48. Number of languages on earth
Power (Power Density)☝
1. Power of a human brain
2. Power of a human heart
3. Power of human lungs
4. Power of a human
5. Power of a mutant: Storm from X-Men
6. Power of a horse [but, not just the definition of the unit horsepower]
7. Power of a 1.5 V battery
8. Power of a personal stereo
9. Power of a car stereo
10. Power of a home stereo
11. Power of a toaster
12. Power of a microwave oven
13. Power of an electric oven
14. Power of a refrigerator
15. Power of an air conditioner
16. Power of a car battery
17. Power of a car
18. Power of a truck
19. Power of a train*
20. Power of a cruise ship
21. Power of an aircraft carrier
22. Power of a fighter plane
23. Power of a space shuttle
24. Power of the first laser
25. Power of a barcode reader laser
26. Power of a laser pointer
27. Power of the strongest laser*
28. Power of car headlights
29. Power of a streetlight
30. Power of a searchlight
31. Power of a lighthouse
32. Power of a cell phone transmitter
33. Power of a cell site transmitter
34. Power of a radio/television broadcast transmitter
35. Power of a commercial power plant
36. Power of a nuclear reactor
37. Power consumption of a home
38. Power consumption of New York City
39. Power consumption of New York State
40. Power consumption of the United States
41. Power consumption of China
42. Power consumption of Africa
43. Power consumption of Asia
44. Power consumption of Australia
45. Power consumption of Europe
46. Power consumption of North America
47. Power consumption of South America
48. Power consumption of the earth
49. Power of the sun*
50. Power of a quasar
51. Power density of solar radiation
Pressure (Compression Strength)☝
1. Compression strength of bone and brick: Sin City
2. Compression strength of bone
3. Compression strength of brick
4. Compression strength of concrete
5. Compression strength of granite
6. Compression strength of marble
7. Compression strength of plaster (blue board, drywall, gypsum board, etc.)
8. Compression strength of porcelain
9. Compression strength of steel
10. Compression strength of wood
11. Pressure in outer space*
12. Pressure of the best laboratory vacuum
13. Pressure of the threshold of human hearing
14. Pressure to rupture an eardrum
15. Pressure in a human eye
16. Pressure in the human circulatory system (blood pressure)*
17. Pressure in the human circulatory system: Is gender a factor?
18. Pressure in human lungs
19. Pressure on earth, highest
20. Pressure on earth, lowest
21. Pressure on the surface of Venus
22. Pressure on the surface of Mars
23. Pressure on the surface of Titan
24. Pressure in a basketball
25. Pressure in a bicycle tire
26. Pressure in a car tire
27. Pressure in a truck tire
28. Pressure in a tractor tire
29. Pressure in a can of soda
30. Pressure in a champagne bottle
31. Pressure in a pressure cooker
32. Pressure in an espresso machine
33. Pressure used to manufacture puffed cereal
34. Pressure in a fire extinguisher
35. Pressure under high heels
36. Pressure at the deepest point in the Great Lakes
37. Pressure at the deepest point in the oceans
38. Pressure under the Antarctic ice cap
39. Pressure used to create artificial diamonds
40. Pressure of the most extreme laboratory experiment
41. Pressure at the center of the earth*
42. Pressure at the center of Jupiter
43. Pressure at the center of the sun
Refraction (Index of Refraction, Refractive Index)☝
1. Index of refraction of air
2. Index of refraction of diamond
3. Index of refraction of ethanol [ethyl alcohol]
4. Index of refraction of glass, crown
5. Index of refraction of glass, flint
6. Index of refraction of glycerol
7. Index of refraction of Lucite
8. Index of refraction of quartz
9. Index of refraction of ruby and sapphire
10. Index of refraction of sodium chloride (table salt)
11. Index of refraction of vegetable oil
12. Index of refraction of water
13. Index of refraction of ice
14. Index of refraction of cubic zirconia
15. Index of refraction of various household liquids:glycerin, floor cleaner, degreaser, shower gel, baby wash
16. Index of refraction of various household liquids:vinegar, honey, floor cleaner, throat medicine, foot wash
Restitution (Coefficient of Restitution)☝
1. Coefficients of restitution
Temperature☝
Time (Age, Duration, Half‑life, Period)☝
Velocity (Speed)☝
Volume☝
1. Volume of a drop of water
2. Volume of a human heart
3. Volume of a human brain
4. Volume of a human bladder
5. Volume of a human stomach
6. Volume of human lungs
7. Volume of blood in a human*
8. Volume of water consumed by New York City
9. Volume of water consumed by the US
10. Volume of bottled water consumption
11. Volume of US soft drink consumption
12. Volume of [US or world] milk consumption
13. Volume of [US, British, or world] gin consumption
14. Volume of vodka consumption
15. Volume of US whiskey consumption
16. Volume of US rum consumption
17. Volume of world beer consumption
18. Volume of a swimming pool
19. Volume of water in New York City reservoirs
20. Volume of water in US reservoirs
21. Volume of New York City's annual precipitation*
22. Volume of Seattle's annual precipitation
23. Volume of earth's annual precipitation
24. Volume of earth's lakes
25. Volume of earth's rivers*
26. Volume of earth's glaciers
27. Volume of earth's polar ice caps*
28. Volume of earth's groundwater
29. Volume of earth's oceans*
30. Volume of US petroleum production
31. Volume of US petroleum consumption
32. Volume of US petroleum reserves*
33. Volume of world petroleum production
34. Volume of world petroleum reserves

* entries marked with an asterisk include editor's commentary

accelerationa,angular‑velocityω,areaA,densityρ,dimensionD,electric‑currentI,electric‑fieldE,electric‑voltageV,electrical‑resistivityρ,energyE,forceF,frequencyf,frictionμ,lengthℓ,magnetic‑fieldB,massm,money$,number#,powerP,pressurep,refractionn,restitutioncor,temperatureT,timet,velocityv,volumeV

prefaces
topics
authors
special
instructions

The Physics Factbook
Edited by Glenn Elert
Written by his students

No condition is permanent.

Prefaces
Instructions
Topic index
Author index
1. 1997
2. 1998
3. 1999
4. 2000
5. 2001
6. 2002
7. 2003
8. 2004
9. 2005
10. 2006
11. 2007
12. 2008
13. 2009
Special topics
1. 2002
2. 2005
3. 2006
4. 2007
Contact the editor
Affiliated websites
1. hypertextbook.com
2. midwoodscience.org
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