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Turkey

Wikipedia se
Republic of Turkey
الجُمْهُورِيَّة التُّرْكِيَّة
FlagCoat of arms
JhandaCoat of arms
Des ke jaankari
Des ke motto:Peace at Home, Peace in the World (Yurtta Barış, Dünyada Barış)
National anthem:The Anthem of Independence (İstiklal Marşı)
Log ke baare me
Official bhasa:Turkish
Abaadi:
  - Total:80.810.525 ab.(2017) (ranked 16°)
  - Density:105 per km²
Jagha
country map
country map
Hian pe des ke dunia ke map me dekhawa jaawe hae.
CapitalCity:Ankara
Sab se barraaCity:Istanbul
Area
  - Total:783,562 km² (ranked 37°)
  - Water:%1.3 km²
Politics / Government
Established:-Independence: Turkish War of IndependenceMay 19,1919
 - Formation: Formation of ParliamentApril 23,1920
 - Declared: Declaration of RepublicOctober 29,1923
Leader:President:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Economy / Money
Paisa ke naam:Turkish Lira (TL)
International information
Time ke zone:UTC + 2
Summer:+ 3
Telephone ke dialing code:+90
Internet domain:.tr

Turkey (الجُمْهُورِيَّة التُّرْكِيَّةjiske Anatolia bhi bila jaae hai), jiske sarkari naam,Republic of Turkiye hae,Anatolia WestAsia me aur southeastEurope ke ek chhotaa hissa, jiskeEast Thrace bola jaae hae, ke au ek des hai. Iske north meBlack Sea hae, east meGeorgia,Armenia,Azerbaijan aurIran,Irag,Syria aurMediterranean Sea south me aurAegean Sea,Greece aurBulgaria west me hae. Turkey ke puura ilaka 780,000 square kilometres hae aur iske population 85 million hae. Iske jaada logTurks hae aur ethnic minority me sab se jaadaKurds hae. Turkey ke official bhasaTurkish hai. Turkey ke jaada log Muslim hae , lekin ii officially ek secular des hae.Ankara Turkey ke capital aur duusra sab se barraa city hae, jabIstanbul sab se barraa city aur des ke economic aur financial center hae. Aur barraa city haeIzmir,Bursa aurAntalya

Turkey, ek republic hai. Turkey me 81 cities hai. Turkish ke paisa Turkish Lira bola jaawe hai.

Iske capitalAnkara hai jon kiAnatolia ke biich me hai lekin iske cultural aur economic centerIstanbul.

Turkey me 50,000BC se 15,000BC talakinsaan aae ke rahe lage rahin.[1] Ii jagha me dher jaat ke log rahat rahin.[2]Alexander the Great ke conquest ke baad, hian pe Greek sanskriti jarr pakarr liis.[3] 11th century me ii jagha meSeljuk Turks aain aur Turkish saskriti hian pe bhi sael gais.[4] 1243 me Mongol log invade karin aur des chgota-chhota raj me vibhajit hoe gais.[5] 1299 meOttomans des ke unite kar diin aur iske aur barraa karin. 1453 meIstanbul,Ottoman Empire ke niche hoe gais.[6][7] Baad me ii dunia ke ek sab se taagatwar des ban gais rahaa. 1789 ke baad Ottoman Empire gire ke suruu karis.[8]

19th aur 20th century meRussia me baseMuslim log ke virod me bhed bhaao ke kaaran dher Muslim logBalkans,Caucasus aurCrimea se aae ke abhi ke Turkey me rahe lagin.(Karpat 2001, p. 343) Ottoman Empire,Germany aurAustrua-Hungary ke saatheWorld War I me larris. Ii samay Turkey me base dherArmenian,Greek aurAssyrian ke maar dewa gias, nai to uu logan ke ghar se nikaal dewa gais rahaa.[9] World War I ke baad Turkey me sultanate khalaas hoe gais aur 29 October 1923 me iske ek Republic banaawa gais.[10]

Modern Turkey ke 1923 meAtatürk suruu karis rahaa. Ise pahile iiOttoman Empire ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa.

Purana jamana me ii jagah pe dher civilizations rahaa, jaise kiHittites aurByzantine Roman Empire.

Geography

[badlo |source ke badlo]

Turkey ke area 783,562 square kilometres (302,535 square miles) hae.[11] Turkey Asia aur Southeartern Europe ke jorre hae.[12] Turkey ke 97% hissa aur 90% abaadi Asia ke side, jiskeAnatolia bola jaae hae, me rahe hae.Cite error: Closing</ref> missing for<ref> tagDunia ke 36 "Biodiversity hotspots" me se 3 Turkey me hae.[13] Ii hae Mediterranean Basin, Irano-Anatolian aurCausasus. 21st century me development aur "climate change" ke kaaran ii biodiversity pe khatraa hae.[14]

Gallery

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President ke suchi

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No.ChhaapaNaam (janam-maut)Chuna gaisPresidency ke suruuPresidency ke antPresidency ke lambaaiParty
1Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938)1923
1927
1931
1935		29 October192310 November193815 saal, 12 dinRepublican Peoples's Party
2Ismet Inonu (1884-1973)1938
1939
1943
1946		11 November193827 May 195011 saal 197 dinRepublican Peoples's Party
3Celai Bayar (1883-1986)1950
1954
1957		27 May195027 May196010 saalDemocrat Party
4Cemal Gursel (1895-1966)196110 October19612 February19664 saal, 115 dinIndependent
5Cevdet Sunay (1899-1982)196628 March196628 March19737 saalIndependent
6no imageFahri Koruturk (1903-198719736 April19736 April19807 saalIndependent
7Kenan Evren (1917 -2015)9 November19829 November1989Example7 saalIndependent
8Turgut Ozal (1927-1993)19899 November198917 April 19933 saal, 159 dinMotherland Party
9Suleyman Demirel (1924-2015)199316 May199316 May20007 saalTrue Path Party
10Ahmet Necdet Sezer200016 May200028 August20077 saal, 104 dinIndependent
11Abdullah Gul (1950-)200728 August200728 August200147 saalJustice and Development Party
12Recep Tayyip Erdogan2014
2018
2023		28 August20014Incumbent10 saalJustice and Development Party

Bahaari jorr

[badlo |source ke badlo]

References

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  1. ↑(Howard 2016, p. 24)
  2. ↑(Howard 2016, p. 24)
  3. ↑(Leonard 2006, p. 1576): "Subsequently, hellenization of the elites transformed Anatolia into a largely Greek-speaking region"
  4. ↑(Howard 2016, pp. 33–44)
  5. ↑(Howard 2016, pp. 38–39)
  6. ↑(Howard 2016, p. 45)
  7. ↑(Somel 2010, p. xcvii)
  8. ↑(Heper & Sayari 2012, pp. 15–28)
  9. ↑Tatz, Colin; Higgins, Winton (2016). The Magnitude of Genocide. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-4408-3161-4.
  10. ↑(Heper & Sayari 2012, pp. 54–55)
  11. ↑"UN Demographic Yearbook"(PDF). Retrieved1 November 2010.
  12. ↑(Kuzucuoğlu, Çiner & Kazancı 2019, p. 7)
  13. ↑Cite error: Invalid<ref> tag; no text was provided for refs namedBirben_2019
  14. ↑Kazancı, Nizamettin; Kuzucuoğlu, Catherine (2019), Kuzucuoğlu, Catherine; Çiner, Attila; Kazancı, Nizamettin (eds.), "Threats and Conservation of Landscapes in Turkey",Landscapes and Landforms of Turkey, World Geomorphological Landscapes, Springer International Publishing, pp. 603–632,doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03515-0_36,ISBN 978-3-030-03515-0,S2CID 134498356
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