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Spain

Wikipedia se
Reino de España
FlagCoat of arms
JhandaCoat of arms
Des ke jaankari
Des ke motto:Plus Ultra (further beyond)
National anthem:Marcha Real
Log ke baare me
Official bhasa:Spanish (Castilian)
(in some self-governing communities, Catalan, Basque nai to Galician, Occitan
Abaadi:
  - Total:{{{populationtotal}}}
Jagha
country map
country map
Hian pe des ke dunia ke map me dekhawa jaawe hae.
CapitalCity:Madrid
Sab se barraaCity:Madrid
Area
  - Total:504,782 (ranked 50)
  - Water:5250 km² (1.04%)
Politics / Government
Leader:Felipe VI of Spain
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez
Economy / Money
Paisa ke naam:Euro (€)¹
International information
Time ke zone:+01:00
Telephone ke dialing code:34
Internet domain:.ES

Spain,jiske pahileKingdom of Spain ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa,Europe ke southwest me ekdes hae. Ii Iberian Peninsula mePortugal aur Gibraltar ke bagal me hae. Iske north meFrance aur ek chhotaa des, Andorra hae.[1]

Spain ke jaada logSpanish bhasa me bat kare hae, lekin des ke kuch jagah me duusra bhasa me baat karaa jaae hae jaise ki Catalan bhasa, Basque bhasa, aur Galician bhasa, Leonese bhasa, Aragonese, Aranese Occitan aurPortuguese bhasa. Spain ke jada log kedharam, Roman Catholic hae.

1975 se Spain me ekRaja hae jiske palace capital ,Madrid me hae.

Spain ke area five hundred thousand square kilometres hae aur ii iskeFrance se chhota aurSweden aurGermany se barraa kar de hae. Forty-three million log Spain me rahe hae.

Itihaas

[badlo |source ke badlo]

Iberian Peninsula, jisme Spain aurPortugal hae, me 1.3 million saal pahilehomonid rahat rahin.[2] Aadhmikinsaan Iberia me 35,000 saal pahile aawe rahin.[3]

Galicia me Celts ke rahe waala jagha

Rome ke Iberian Peninsula ke aapan niche kare se pahile hian pe Iberians aurCelts rahat rahin. Iberian log peninsula keMediterranean ke taraf rahat rahin aur Celts log bhittar waala jagha aurAtlantic waala taraf rahat rahin.Basques logPyrenees pahaarr ke west aur nigiich ke jagha me rahat rahin. Phoenician log samundar ke kinare dher city banae rahin aurGreek log kuch colony aur trading post ke east me banae rahin.Carthage ke log bhi ii ilaaka me ghuse rahin lakin jaada kar ke samundar ke kinare rahat rahin.

Merida me Roman Theatre

210 aur 205 BC ke biich me Rome, Mediterranean coast pe Carthage ke trading colony ke aapan niche kar liis. Iske baad Rome ke 200 saal lagaa puura Iberia ke aapan niche kare ke. Rome ke kaanun, bhasa aur rasta Iberia me kaam me laawa jaae lagaa.[4] Dhire dhire hian ke log Roman ke sanskriti ke apnaae lagin aur kuch huan ke neta ke Roman aristrocacy me jagha milaa.[5]

Hispania (Spain), Rome ke khaatir dher khaae waala chij ke utpaadan karat rahaa aur hian sewool,olive oil aur wine ke export karaa jaawat rahaa. Christianity ke hian pe pahila century AD me laawa gais rahaa aur duusra century talak city me jaada log isme biswas karat rahin. 170 AD se Mauri log North Africa se Spain me ghuse lage rahin.[6]

Votive crown ofReccesuinth from theTreasure of Guarrazar

409 me Germanic log North se aae ke north-west iberia me ek kingdom banain aur Vandal log south me aae ke bas gain, lekin Roamn sanskriti aur Christainity nai badlaa.Byzantine Empire ek colony ke Spain ke south me banain jisse ki Rome ke Raj ke fir se hian pe laawa jaae sake. Baad me Visigothic Kingdom ke niche Spain ek des bhais.

711 se lae ke 718 talak,Umayyad Caliphate jon North Africa keByzantine Empire se lae lin rahaa, lagbhag sab Iberian Peninsula ke aapan niche kae liin. Khaali ek kgha north ke pahaar ke lage Visigoth Kindoam ke niche rahaa. Iske baad north me aur Christian Kingdom banaa aur Muslim aur Christian ilaaka ke siima Ebro aur Douro valley rahaa.[7]

TheMihrab in theCordoba ke mosque

Ii time huan ke dher jan Muslim hoe gais aur Al-Andalus ke jaada log Muslim rahin.[8]

Viking log coast ke ilaaka pe 9th aur 10th century me raid kare rahin.[9] 11th century me Caliphate of Cordoba tuut gais aur dher chhota chhota kindom me vibhajit hoe gain[10] aur Christian kingdom south ke bagal expand hoe lagin.

Catholic Spain ke monarch.

1248 me Muslim Kingdom jon Cordoba aur serville me rahaa, Christian raja ke niche aae gain. Dhire dihre muslim influence kamtii bhais aur 1492 me puuura peninsula pe Christians ke raaj fir se hoe gais.[11]

Chhaapa ke gallery

[badlo |source ke badlo]


  • Spain - España
  • Toledo
    Toledo
  • Cordoba
    Cordoba
  • Avila
    Avila
  • Granada
    Granada
  • Poblet
    Poblet
  • Segovia
    Segovia
  • Gibraltar
    Gibraltar
  • Salobrena, Sierra Nevada
    Salobrena, Sierra Nevada

Bahaari jorr

[badlo |source ke badlo]

References

[badlo |source ke badlo]
  1. ↑"Spain | Facts, Culture, History, & Points of Interest".Encyclopedia Britannica. 26 July 2023.Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved17 March 2019.
  2. ↑"'First west Europe tooth' found",BBC, 30 June 2007.
  3. ↑TypicalAurignacian items were found in Cantabria (Morín, El Pendo,El Castillo), the Basque Country (Santimamiñe) and Catalonia. The radiocarbon datations give the following dates: 32,425 and 29,515 BP.
  4. ↑Payne, Stanley G. (1973)."A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 1 Ancient Hispania". The Library of Iberian Resources Online.Archived from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved9 August 2008.
  5. ↑Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998)."A Country Study: Spain. Chapter 1 – Hispania". Library of Congress Country Series.Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved9 August 2008.
  6. ↑Alonso Villalobos, Carlos (1984). "Contribución al estudio de las invasiones mauritanas de la Bética en el siglo II". Actas del II Congreso Andaluz deEstudios Clásicos. II. Sociedad Española de Estudios Clásicos. https://repositorio.iaph.es/bitstream/11532/327602/1/Contribuci%C3%B3n%20al%20estudio%20de%20las%20invasiones%20mauritanas.pdf. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  7. ↑Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998)."A Country Study: Spain – Castile and Aragon". Library of Congress Country Series.Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved9 August 2008.
  8. ↑Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. Chapter 5: Ethnic RelationsArchived 3 Aprel 2017 at theWayback Machine, Thomas F. Glick
  9. ↑Scheen, Rolf (1996). "Viking raids on the spanish peninsula". Militaria. Revista de Cultura Militar (8): 67–73. https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/MILT/article/download/MILT9696110067A/3416/0. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  10. ↑Classen, Albrecht (31 August 2015). Handbook of Medieval Culture. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110267303. https://books.google.com/books?id=3RtpCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA237. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  11. ↑Salicrú i Lluch, Roser (2020). "Granada and Its International Contacts". The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada between East and West. Brill. pp. 124–125. doi:10.1163/9789004443594_006. ISBN 9789004443594. https://brill.com/view/book/9789004443594/BP000014.xml. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
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