Indonesia, SoutheastAsia ke ek des hae, jon kiMalay Archipelago me hae. Isme 18,108 islands hae jisme se 6,000 me admii log rahe hae. Indonesia ke kuchh khaas island haeJava,Bali,Borneo,Sulawesi, aurSumatra. Indonesia ke capitalJakarta, Java island me hae. Abhi ke president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono hae. Modern Indonesia, 17 August 1945 ke 10 baje suru bhaes jab Ir. Sukarno Indonesia ke Declaration of Independence parrhis
Indonesia, dunia ke chautha sb se jaada populous des hae, jiske abaadi 266,952,952 (2018 ke estimate) hae. Hain pe har ek square kilometer me 111 log rahe hae. Indonesia kebhasa, Bahasa Indonesia hae, lekin hian pe 737 aur bhasa me baat karaa jaae hae, khaas kar ke duur ke tribal jagha me. Duusra bhasa me hae Javanese], Balinese aur Sundanese. Iske sab se nachdik ke des haePapua New Guinea,Malaysia, aurEast Timor jon ki Indonesia se land border share kae hae. Aur parros ke des haeAustralia south me,Singapore north-west me, aurPhillipines north-east me.
Sambandh: Australia, India, Iran, South East Asia, South Asia
Indonesia me 500,000 saal purana Homo erectus ke fossil paawa gais hae. Iske "Java Man" ke naam dewa gais hae.[1] Homo sapiens Indonesia me 45,000 saal pahile aae rahin.[2] Austronesian log Indonesia me 4000 saal pahile Taiwan se aae rahin. Indonesia se outrigger boat East Africa aur Madagascar pahila century se jaae lage rahin.[3]Seventh century CE seSrivijaya rajya rahaa jisme trade ke kaaran Hindu aur Buddhist ke influence rahaa. Eighth aur tenth centuries CE ke biich me, the agricultural BuddhistSailendra aur HinduMataram kingdom Java me rahaa. HinduMajapahit kingdom ke eastern Java me 13th century me,Gajah Mada ke niche suruu karaa gais rahaa, aur iske asar Indonesia bhar rahaa. Ii jamaana ke Indonesia ke "Golden Age" bolaa jaae hae.[4] 13th century se Indonesia me Islam faile lagaa.1512 se Portuguese aur Dutch log Indonesia ke colonise kare lagin aur 20th century ke suruu talak lagbhag sab Indonesia Netherlands ke niche rahaa.World War II me Indonesia ke Japan aapan niche kar liis rahaa aur 1945 me larrai khlaas hoe ke time Sukarnojaise leader ke niche Indonesia aapan independence declare karis rahaa. Netherlands fir se aapan control Indonesia pe kare ke kosis karis lekin 1949 me Indonesia se nikal gais.
Indonesia,Asia ke des me se sab se south me hae. Ii des latitudes 11°S aur 6°N aur longitudes 95°E aur 141°E ke biich me hae. Ii dunia ke sab se barraa archipelago des hae jo duuniSouteast Asia aurOceania me hae. Indonesia ke east se west talak 5,120 kilometres (3,181 miles) aur north se south talak 1,760 kilometres (1,094 miles) hae.[5] Indonesia ke sarkar ke anusaar, des me 17,504 island hae lekin UN me khaali 16,056 registered hae.[6] Ii equator ke duuno taraf hae aur 6,000 islands me log rahe hae.[7] Sab se barraa island haeSumatra,Java,Borneo (jiske Brunei aur Malaysia se share karaa jaae hae),Sulawesi, andNew Guinea (jiske Papua New Guinea se share karaa jaae hae).[8] Indonesia land border keMalaysia se Borneo me aurSebatik,Papua New Guinea se New Guinea me,East Timor seTimor Island me, aur maritime borders Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Palau, aur Australia se.
Indonesia ke sab se uunchaa pahaarrPuncak Jaya hae jon 4884 feet uunchaa hae. Des ke sab se barraa lake, Lake Toba Sumatra me hae aur iske area 1,142 square kilometres hae. Des ke kuchh barraa naddi hae; Kapuas Naddi, Barito Naddi, Mamberamo Naddi, Sepik Naddi aur Mahakam Naddi.[9]
Kaahekiequator Indonesia ke biich se jaae hae, hian ke mausam saal bhar ekke rakam rahe hae.[10] Hian pe dui season rahe hae; jhuura ( May se October talak) aur bhiija (November se April talak) aur hian pe summer aur winter nai hae.[11] Mausam tropical rainforest ke rakam hae, lekin pahaar pe kuchh thandaa rahe hae.[12]
↑Pope, G.G. (1988). "Recent advances in far eastern paleoanthropology". Annual Review of Anthropology17: 43–77. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.17.100188.000355. cited inWhitten, T.; Soeriaatmadja, R.E.; Suraya, A.A. (1996). The Ecology of Java and Bali. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions. pp. 309–412.
↑Murray P. Cox; Michael G. Nelson; Meryanne K. Tumonggor; François-X. Ricaut; Herawati Sudoyo (2012-03-21). "A small cohort of Island Southeast Asian women founded Madagascar". Proceedings of the Royal Society B279 (1739): 2761–2768. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0012. PMC3367776. PMID22438500.