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Baarr

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Baarr uu time aawe hae jab paani overflow hoe ke jamiin, jon jaada kar ke jhuura rahe hae, ke duboe de hae.[1] Baarr sabd ke jwaar (tide) charrhe ke bhi bola jaae hae. Baarrkisaani, civil engineering aur public health me chinta ke kaaran rahe hae. Insaan se waatawaran (environment) ke badle ke kaaran baarr aur barraa aur jaada dafe hoe hae. Jaise jon rakam se jamiin ke kaam me laawa jaae hae, jangal ke kaata jaae hae, daldal jamiin ke drain karaa jaae hae, naddi ke disa ke badlaa jaae hae. Dunia bhar ke waatawaran ke issue, baarr ke influence kare hae, kaheki isse samundar ke level aur uppar jaae hae.[2]Template:Rp Mausam ke badle ke kaaran "extreme weather events" aur dher hoe hae aur jaada intense bhi rahe hae.[3]Iske kaaran aur barraa baarr aae hae aur baarr jaada dafe aae hae.[4][5]groundwater se baarr, samundar ke kaaran baarr aur "urban flooding" hae. Jwaar ke kaaran baarr me duuno naddi aur samundar ke kinare ke jamiin rahe hae. Baarr jaan ke bhi karaa jaae hae, jaise ki dhaan ke khet me paani bhar ke dhaan bowaa jaae hae.

Baarr uu time bhi hoe hae jab paani naddi, talaab, nai to samundar se overflow hoe hae.[6] Baarr uu time bhi hoe hae jab jamiin pani se "saturated" hoe jaae hae. Snow melt se bhi baarr hoe hae. Jab ek mahurri me paani jaada hoe jaae hae tab bhi baarr charr jaae hae. Baarr me achchhaai bhi hoe sake hae kaaheki isse jammin aur fertile hoe jaae hae.

Baar se paani se faele waala bemaari bhi barrhe hae. Baarr se log ke ghar bhi chhorre ke parre hae.[7]

unia kedher abaadi uu jagha raha e hae jahan pe coastal flooding hoe hae.[8] aur dher barraa barraa city floodplain me banaa hae.[9]

Template:TOC level

Kuchh rakam ke baarr

[badlo |source ke badlo]
View of floodedNew Orleans,Hurricane Katrina ke baad
Ek naara me baarr jiske kaaran rahaa heavymonsoonal rain aur high tideDarwin,Northern Territory,Australia me
Jeddah me baarr,Saudi Arabia ke King Abdullah Street me
Georgetown, Minnesota, me overland flooding

Areal flooding

[badlo |source ke badlo]

Baarr niche ke aur samthar jamiin me hoe hae jab paani baaria, nai to snow ke tagle ke kaaran etna jor se hoe hai ki ii bahe nai paae hae, nai to jamiin me sakae nai jaae hae. Bachaa paani ek jagha pe batur jaae hae, kabhi kabhi dher gahiraai talak. Uppar ke matti saturate hoe jaae hae, jiske kaaram paani jammin ke bhittar nai jaae sake hae, jahaan pe "water table" gahira nai rahe hae, jaise ki "floodplain", nai to dher baris se jon ki tufaan me hoe hae. Paani jaani me aur kaaran se nai jaae sake hae, jaise ki jab jamiin frozen rahe hae, paththar rahe hae, cimit rahe hae aur jhat pe. Areal baar floodplains me suruu hoe he floodplain nai to niche ke jagha jahan se bahe ke koi rasta nai hae. Aur jagha pe baar hoe hae jab evaporation se jaada baaris rahe hae.[10]

Naddi ke baarr

[badlo |source ke badlo]

Baarr sab rakam ke naddi aur naara (creek or stream) me charrhe hae, jaada barsaat waala jagha se lae ke juraa jagha talak se dunia ke sab se barraa naddi talak. Jab baarr jotaa gais khet me charrhe hae tab baarr me dher matti rahe hae. Baar ke kaaran aur baar ke aur kharaab kare ke kaaran matti ke bhaskna, ice, rubbish, nai ti jaanwar ke banaawa gais dam hoe sake hae.

Dhire se charhe waala baarr jaada kar ke barraa naddi, jisme barra jagha se paani aae hae, me hoe hae. Jaada paani bahe ke kaaran dher din talak baaris, jaldi se tagle waala snow, monsoon, nai to tufaan rahe hae.

Samundar ke kinare ke baarr

[badlo |source ke badlo]

Samundar ke kinare waala jamiin me baarr charrhe hae jab storm surge, barraa juwaarr aur barraa halkora ek saathe aae hae, nai to jab tsunami aur tufaan aae hae. Ek storm surge me tufaan ke kaaran paani uppar jaae hae jon normal juarr se jaada rahe hae.[11] "Climate change" ke kaaran, aur jaada log ke samundar ke kinare rahe ke kaaran, coastal flooding se jaada barbaadi hoe hae aur jaada log affected rahe hae.[12]

Urban baarr

[badlo |source ke badlo]

Town aur city me baarr charrhe hae jab barsat, nai to storm surge ke kaaran mahurri overflow hoe jaae hae. Urban baar hoe ke khaatir city aur town ke floodplain ke niche nai rahe ke parre hae.[13]

Jaan ke karaa jaae waala baarr

[badlo |source ke badlo]

Dhaan ke khet me paani bhar ke dhaan bonaa ii rakam ke baarr hae. Larrai ke time dam ke khol ke jaan ke barr banaawa jaae hae, jaise ki dusman aage nai barrhe sake hae.[14]

Baarr ke kaaran

[badlo |source ke badlo]
Visakhapatnam, India me tufaan ke kaaran baarr

Upslope kaaran

[badlo |source ke badlo]
Negev, Israel me flash flood

Downslope kaaran

[badlo |source ke badlo]

Badalte mausam ke kaaran

[badlo |source ke badlo]
Barraa juwaar ke kaaran baarr

Baarr ke kharaab natija

[badlo |source ke badlo]
California ke walnut orchard me baarr

Infrastructure aur janata pe asar

[badlo |source ke badlo]

Economy pe asar

[badlo |source ke badlo]
Kerala, India me baarr ke baad ghar me matti

Swast pe asar

[badlo |source ke badlo]
Bangladesh me baarr ke kaaram 140,000 log ke maut bhais rahaa

Insaan ke maut

[badlo |source ke badlo]

Niche ke suchi medunia ke uu baarr hae jisme 100,000 se jaada log ke maut bhais rahaa.

MautBaarrJaghaSaal
2,500,000–3,700,000[15]1931 China floodsChina1931
900,000–2,000,0001887 Yellow River floodChina1887
500,000–700,0001938 Yellow River floodChina1938
231,000Banqiao Dam failure, result ofTyphoon Nina. Approximately 86,000 people died from flooding and another 145,000 died from subsequent disease.China1975
230,0002004 Indian Ocean tsunamiIndonesia2004
145,0001935Yangtze river floodChina1935
100,000+St. Felix's flood,storm surgeNetherlands1530
100,000Hanoi andRed River Delta floodNorth Vietnam1971
100,0001911Yangtze river floodChina1911

Rererences

[badlo |source ke badlo]
  1. ↑MSN Encarta Dictionary,FloodArchived 2011-02-04 at theWayback Machine, Retrieved on 2006-12-28, on 2009-10-31
  2. ↑Seneviratne, S.I., X. Zhang, M. Adnan, W. Badi, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, S. Ghosh, I. Iskandar, J. Kossin, S. Lewis, F.  Otto, I.  Pinto, M. Satoh, S.M. Vicente-Serrano, M. Wehner, and B. Zhou, 2021:Chapter 11: Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate. InClimate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I  to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R.  Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1513–1766, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.013.
  3. ↑Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change (Report). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2016. pp. 127–136.doi:10.17226/21852.ISBN 978-0-309-38094-2.Archived from the original on 2022-02-15. Retrieved2020-02-22.
  4. ↑Hirabayashi, Yukiko; Mahendran, Roobavannan; Koirala, Sujan; Konoshima, Lisako; Yamazaki, Dai; Watanabe, Satoshi; Kim, Hyungjun; Kanae, Shinjiro (September 2013). "Global flood risk under climate change" (in en). Nature Climate Change 3 (9): 816–821. doi:10.1038/nclimate1911. ISSN 1758-6798. https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1911/.
  5. ↑"How climate change is making record-breaking floods the new normal".United Nations Environmental Program. 3 March 2020.
  6. ↑Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000)FloodArchived 2007-08-24 at theWayback Machine, Retrieved on 2009-01-09
  7. ↑"WHO | Flooding and communicable diseases fact sheet".WHO. Archived fromthe original on December 31, 2004. Retrieved2021-03-28.
  8. ↑Neumann, Barbara; Vafeidis, Athanasios T.; Zimmermann, Juliane; Nicholls, Robert J. (2015-03-11). "Future Coastal Population Growth and Exposure to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Flooding - A Global Assessment" (in en). PLOS ONE 10 (3): e0118571. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118571. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4367969. PMID 25760037.
  9. ↑"Flood Risk Management in Canada | Research report".Geneva Association (in English). 2020-11-24. Retrieved2021-10-29.
  10. ↑ ones, Myrtle (2000). "Ground-water flooding in glacial terrain of southern Puget Sound, Washington". Fact Sheet. doi:10.3133/fs11100. Retrieved 2025-03-03.
  11. ↑Storm Surge Overview". noaa.gov. Retrieved 3 December 2015
  12. ↑Report: Flooded Future: Global vulnerability to sea level rise worse than previously understood". www.climatecentral.org. Archived from the original on 2020-03-30. Retrieved 2020-11-09.
  13. ↑The Prevalence and Cost of Urban Flooding". Chicago, Illinois: Center for Neighborhood Technology. May 2013.
  14. ↑Text Book of Fortification and Military Engineering: For Use at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Volume 1". Google Books. H.M. Stationery Office. 1878. p. 50. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
  15. ↑Worst Natural Disasters In HistoryArchived 2008-04-21 at theWayback Machine (2012-06-07), Retrieved on 2012-06-12
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