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    Climate-Related Local Extinctions Are Already Widespread among Plant and Animal Species

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    journal.pbio.2001104.pdf
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    1.201Mb
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    PDF
    Description:
    Final Published Version
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol
    Issue Date
    2016-12-08
    
    Citation
    Climate-Related Local Extinctions Are Already Widespread among Plant and Animal Species 2016, 14 (12):e2001104 PLOS Biology
    Rights
    © 2016 John J. Wiens. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Current climate change may be a major threat to global biodiversity, but the extent of species loss will depend on the details of how species respond to changing climates. For example, if most species can undergo rapid change in their climatic niches, then extinctions may be limited. Numerous studies have now documented shifts in the geographic ranges of species that were inferred to be related to climate change, especially shifts towards higher mean elevations and latitudes. Many of these studies contain valuable data on extinctions of local populations that have not yet been thoroughly explored. Specifically, overall range shifts can include range contractions at the "warm edges" of species' ranges (i.e., lower latitudes and elevations), contractions which occur through local extinctions. Here, data on climate-related range shifts were used to test the frequency of local extinctions related to recent climate change. The results show that climate-related local extinctions have already occurred in hundreds of species, including 47% of the 976 species surveyed. This frequency of local extinctions was broadly similar across climatic zones, clades, and habitats but was significantly higher in tropical species than in temperate species (55% versus 39%), in animals than in plants (50% versus 39%), and in freshwater habitats relative to terrestrial and marine habitats (74% versus 46% versus 51%). Overall, these results suggest that local extinctions related to climate change are already widespread, even though levels of climate change so far are modest relative to those predicted in the next 100 years. These extinctions will presumably become much more prevalent as global warming increases further by roughly 2-fold to 5-fold over the coming decades.
    Note
    Open access journal.
    ISSN
    1545-7885
    PubMed ID
    27930674
    Version
    Final published version
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1371/journal.pbio.2001104
    Scopus Count

    entitlement

    © 2016 John J. Wiens. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
    Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © 2016 John J. Wiens. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

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