↑1.01.11.2Emsley, John (2011).Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements (New pán.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 215–7.ISBN978-0-19-960563-7.
↑2.02.12.22.32.4Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean.The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd pán.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands:Springer Science+Business Media.ISBN1-4020-3555-1.
↑3.03.1Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11).Bircode,doi, 17/11/2018.