Rusyn ( / ˈr uːsɪn / ; [ Carpathian Rusyn </link> ; Pannonian Rusyn </link> )[2] harshenSlavic na Gabas ne wandaRusyns ke magana a sassanTsakiya daGabashin Turai, kuma an rubuta shi cikinrubutun Cyrillic .[3] A cikin al'umma, harshen kuma ana magana da shi ta tsohuwar kalmar jama'a, руснацькый язык </link> ,[2][4] ko kuma kawai ake magana a kai a matsayin maganahanyarmu ( Carpathian Rusyn </link> ).[3] Yawancin masu magana suna zaune a yankin da aka sani daCarpathian Ruthenia wanda ya taso dagaTranscarpathia, zuwa yamma zuwa gabashin Slovakia da kudu maso gabashin Poland.[3] Hakanan akwai tsibiri mai girmana Pannonian Rusyn a cikinVojvodina,Serbia,[3] da kumaƴan ƙasashen waje na Rusyn a duk faɗin duniya.[5][6] Bisa gaYarjejeniya ta Turai don Harsunan Yanki ko Ƙananan Ƙananan, Rusyn an amince da shi a matsayin harshen tsirarun kariya taBosnia da Herzegovina,Croatia,Hungary,Romania,Poland (a matsayin Lemko),Serbia, daSlovakia .[7]
A cikinyaren Ingilishi, kalmarRusyn ta amince da ita a hukumance ta ISO . Wasu sunaye kuma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da su don yin nuni ga yare, galibi waɗanda aka samo daga exonyms kamarRuthenian koRuthene ( UK : / r ʊ ˈθ iːn /, US : / r uː ˈ θ iːn / ), waɗanda ke da ƙarin ma'anoni na gabaɗaya, don haka (ta hanyar ƙara sifofin yanki) an ƙirƙiri wasu takamaiman nadi, kamar: Carpathian Ruthenian/Ruthene ko Carpatho-Ruthenian/Ruthene.[8]
Rarraba Rusyn a matsayin harshe ko yare shine tushen jayayya.[9] Czech, Slovak, da Hungarian, da Amurkawa da wasu masana harsuna na Poland da Serbia suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani harshe na musamman[10] [ bukatar sabuntawa ]</link></link> (tare da lambar taISO 639-3 ), yayin da sauran malamai (a cikin Ukraine, Poland, Serbia, da Romania) suna ɗaukar shi azaman yare naUkrainian .[11] [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa ]</link></link>
Rarraba harshen Rusyn a tarihi ya kasance duka biyun a cikin yare da kuma siyasa. A cikin karni na 19, an gabatar da tambayoyi da yawa tsakanin masana ilimin harshe, game da rabe-raben yarukan Slavic na Gabas da ake magana a yankunan arewa maso gabas (Carpathian) na Masarautar Hungary, da kuma yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Masarautar Galicia da Lodomeria . Daga waɗancan tambayoyin, manyan ka'idoji guda uku ne suka fito:[5]
- Wasu masana harsuna sun yi iƙirarin cewa yarukan Slavic na Gabas na yankin Carpathian ya kamata a rarraba su a matsayin takamaiman nau'inyaren Rasha .
- Wasu masanan harshe sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan yarukan ya kamata a lasafta su azaman nau'inyaren yamma na musamman na Ukrainian .
- Ƙungiya ta uku ta yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan yarukan sun ƙayyadad da su don a gane su a matsayin yaren Slavic na Gabas.
Duk da wadannan rigingimun na harshe, kalmomin hukuma da Masarautar Austro-Hungary ta yi amfani da su da ke mulkin yankin Carpathian sun kasance ba su canza ba. Ga hukumomin jihar Austro-Hungary, gaba dayan kungiyar harshen Slavic ta Gabas da ke cikin iyakokin Masarautar an rarraba su da harshenRuthenian ( German </link> , Hungarian </link> ), kalmar archaic da exonymic wanda ya kasance ana amfani dashi har zuwa 1918.[12]
Dangane da rabe-raben yanki, harshen Rusyn yana wakilta ta takamaiman gungu guda biyu: na farko ya ƙunshi nau'ikan Carpathian Rusyn ko Carpatho-Rusyn, kuma na biyu yana wakiltar Pannonian Rusyn .[5]
- ↑Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017)."Yaren Rusyn".Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑2.02.1Plishkova 2009. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPlishkova2009 (help)
- ↑3.03.13.23.3Pugh 2009. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPugh2009 (help)
- ↑Magocsi 2015. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMagocsi2015 (help)
- ↑5.05.15.2Magocsi & Pop 2005. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMagocsiPop2005 (help)
- ↑Kushko 2007. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKushko2007 (help)
- ↑Council of Europe 2021. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCouncil_of_Europe2021 (help)
- ↑Renoff & Reynolds 1975. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRenoffReynolds1975 (help)
- ↑Moser 2016. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMoser2016 (help)
- ↑Bernard Comrie, "Slavic Languages,"International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (1992, Oxford, Vol 3), pp. 452–456.
- ↑George Y. Shevelov, "Ukrainian,"The Slavonic Languages, ed.
- ↑Moser 2018. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMoser2018 (help)
