Mālik b. Anas b. Mālik b. Abī ʿĀmir b. ʿAmr b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ b. G̲h̲aymān b. K̲h̲ut̲h̲ayn b. ʿAmr b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Aṣbaḥī, Anfi sanin sa da suna,Mālik ibn Anas Da larabci: مالك بن أنس ya rayu daga shekara ta 711 zuwa shekarar 795 CE ko kuma daga shekara ta 93 zuwa shekarar 179 (AH) akan kira shi daImam Mālik, MalaminMusulunci,Balarabe, kumafaqihi,Alkali ne, MalaminTauhidi, dahadisi MalaminSunnarManzon Allah tsira amincin Allah su kara tabbata a gare shi.[1]
An haife shi a birninMadina, Malik ya kasance shahararren malaminhadisi a lokacinsa,[1] Wanda ya yi kokarin dabbakasu a dukkanin dokokin rayuwarsa da karantarwarsa ta yadda ya samar da tsarinfiqhun da ake kiraMalikiyya a bayan rasuwarsa, karatunsa ya ci gaba da fadada da albarka tun bayan rayuwarsa har zuwa yau[1] Malaman lokacinsa suna kiranshi daImam din Madina (Malamin Madina), Karantarwa Imam Malik tasamu karbuwa da kauna daga al'ummah daban daban tun a zamaninsa har izuwa yau, musamman fannin karutunsa na fiqihu, hakane ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin manyan Malamai hudu (4) da duniyar musulunci ta yarda da abi karantarwarsu watoMazhabar Imamu Malik.Malikiyya,[1] haka yasa ta zama tafarki na koyi da bin Sunnah a musulunci sanadiyar haka har zuwa yau ana bin tafarkin Mazhabar Malikiyya a Kasashen duniya daban daban, kamar mafiya yawan kasashen nahiyarArewacin Afirka,Andalusiya, kasarEgypt, da wasu yankunan kasashenSyria,Yemen,Sudan,Irak, daKhorasan,[2] Mazharbar Malikiyya ba wai kawai 'yan ahlussunah suka yarda da ita ba, dan kuwa ita ce tafarki ga yantariqa Sufaye, tare daShadiliyya daTijaniyyah, sanadiyar ganin cewa Imam Malik ya yi karatu ne a hannun jikan Manzon Allah (SAW) wato dan yaron Nana FatimaAlhasan Ibn Ali, Ja'afar.[3]Duk da yake Imam Malik ya yi abubuwa da dama dan ci gaban musulunci a tarihin addinin amma mafi shaharar aikinsa shi ne littafinsa watoMuwatta, ta kakasance tana daya daga cikin tsofaffi kuma mafi shaharar littafi da ta tattara hadisan manzon Allah na farko kafin almajirinsa dalibinsaBukhari ya wallafaSahihul BuKhari, Muwatta Malik ta kasance daya daga cikin littafan farko na shari'a a musulunci,"[1]
Cikakken sunansaBaban Abdullah Mālik dan Anas dan Mālik dan Abī 'Āmir dan 'Amr Ibnul-Hārith dan Ghaimān dan Khuthaildan 'Amr Ibnul-Haarith.
Imam Malik mahaifinsa shi ne Anas dan Malik (bashi bane sahabiAnas ibn Malik wanda sunansu daya) da mahaifiyarsa Aaliyah yar Shurayk al-Azdiyya a birninMadina circa 711. Zuriyarsu daga zuriyar kabilar al-Asbahi, mutanenYemen, amma kakan kakansa Abu 'Amir ya canja wurin zamansu zuwa garin Madina bayan MusuluntarsaMusulunci a shekara ta biyu bayanHijri, ko shekara ta 623 CE. Kakansa Malik ibn Abi Amir dalibin HaliphaUmar ne, kuma ya na daya daga cikin wadanda suka tattara Qur'an a inda akai asalin rubuta shi, wanda su ne aka hadasu zuwa littafi lokacin HalifancinUthman.[4] kamar yadda littafinAl-Muwatta ya bayyana shi, Imam Malik mai tsayi ne, Kakkaura, imposing of stature, yanada haske sosai, tare da farin gashi da gemu da sanko, yana da cikan gemu da launin idanu Kore.
Kasancewarsa wanda aka haifa kuma ya rayu a Madina ya sa Imam Malik ya samu daman kasancewa da shahararrun Malamai na farkon Musulunci. Yahaddace alkurani a samartakarsa, wanda yakoyi karantawa daga MalaminsaAbu Suhail Nafi' ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman, kuma a hannun sa ne, yakarbiIjazah, wato tabbaci da yarda na umurnin ya karantar da wasu. Ya kuma yi karatu a karkashin shahararrun Malamai da dama, wadanda suka hada da MalamHisham ibn Urwah, MalamIbn Shihab al-Zuhri, da kuma Malam ImamAbu Hanifa, wanda yasamar da Mazhabar Hanafiyya, karkashin jikokin manzon Allah, kamar,Jafar al Sadiq.[5] Wannan ne takara bayyanar da irin kusanci da girmamawa na zaman lafiya dake tsakanin ahlus-Sunnah Hanafiyya da Malikiyya agu daya.
Isnadin Imam Malik na ruwayoyin hadisansa, ana ganin itace mafi kyautatuwa da inganci kuma akikiran isnadinsa daSilsilat al-Dhahab wato "Ruwaya ta Sila zinariya" daga shahararrun Malaman hadisi harda ImamulMuhammad Al-Bukhari.[6] Jerin ruwayarsa ta zinari (wanda manyan Malaman hadisai suka yarda itace take da isnadi mafi inganci) ta hada da, wato ta kunshi shi Imam Malik, wanda ya ruwaito daga Malamin saNafi‘ Mawla ibn ‘Umar, wanda shi kuma ya ruwaito dagaAbdullahi dan Umar, wanda shi kuma yaji daga manzon AllahMuhammad (SAW).
An ruwaito acikin hadisi ingantacce dagaMuhammad ibn `Isa at-Tirmidhi, wandamanzon Allah tsira da amincin Allah sun tabbata agare shi, yace: “Ankusa mutane zasu fara bugun "cikunnan rakuma"¹ domin neman ilimi, kuma bazasu sami kowa ba, fiye da Mai ilimi Malamin Madina.”Qadi Ayyad,Al-Dhahabi da wadansu manyan malamai tare dasuSufyan ibn `Uyaynah,‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani, Ibn Mahdi,Yahya ibn Ma'in, Dhu’ayb ibn `Imama, Ibn al-Madini, da dai sauran su, sun yarda da cewar wannan Malamin da Manzon Allah ke nufi; Imam Malik ibn Anas, ne. Dan saida yakaiga shaharansa a karantarwa a garin Madina mutane daga ko'ina na duniya ke taruwa a masallacin Annabi Dan daukan karatun sa.[7]
↑1.01.11.21.31.4Schacht, J., “Mālik b. Anas”, in:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online.
↑Gibril F. Haddad,The Four Imams and Their Schools (London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2008), p. 121
↑See "Shadiliyya" and "Tijaniyyah" in:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online.
↑M M Azami, The History of the Quranic Text, page 100-101
